9129767 WFTW2MTH 1 apa 50 date desc year Jaffe 18 https://jjaffe.scrippsprofiles.ucsd.edu/wp-content/plugins/zotpress/
%7B%22status%22%3A%22success%22%2C%22updateneeded%22%3Afalse%2C%22instance%22%3Afalse%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22request_last%22%3A50%2C%22request_next%22%3A50%2C%22used_cache%22%3Atrue%7D%2C%22data%22%3A%5B%7B%22key%22%3A%22V88PI55U%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Walker%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222024%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EWalker%2C%20J.%20L.%2C%20Zeng%2C%20Z.%2C%20Wu%2C%20C.%20L.%2C%20%3Cstrong%3EJaffe%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20J.%20S.%2C%20Frasier%2C%20K.%20E.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Sandin%2C%20S.%20S.%20%282024%29.%20Underwater%20Object%20Detection%20Under%20Domain%20Shift.%20%3Ci%3EIEEE%20Journal%20of%20Oceanic%20Engineering%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%201%26%23x2013%3B11.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1109%5C%2FJOE.2024.3425453%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1109%5C%2FJOE.2024.3425453%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Underwater%20Object%20Detection%20Under%20Domain%20Shift%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Joseph%20L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Walker%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Zheng%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Zeng%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Chengchen%20L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wu%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jules%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jaffe%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kaitlin%20E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Frasier%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Stuart%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sandin%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222024%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1109%5C%2FJOE.2024.3425453%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220364-9059%2C%201558-1691%2C%202373-7786%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%5C%2Fdocument%5C%2F10679365%5C%2F%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22M73UGFXF%22%2C%22JHV83829%22%2C%22WFTW2MTH%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-10-14T21%3A54%3A12Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22A255D8WG%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Kenitz%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222023-06-15%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EKenitz%2C%20K.%20M.%2C%20Orenstein%2C%20E.%20C.%2C%20Anderson%2C%20C.%20R.%2C%20Barth%2C%20A.%20J.%2C%20Brise%26%23xF1%3Bo%26%23x2010%3BAvena%2C%20C.%2C%20Caron%2C%20D.%20A.%2C%20Carter%2C%20M.%20L.%2C%20Eggleston%2C%20E.%2C%20Franks%2C%20P.%20J.%20S.%2C%20Fumo%2C%20J.%20T.%2C%20%3Cstrong%3EJaffe%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20J.%20S.%2C%20McBeain%2C%20K.%20A.%2C%20Odell%2C%20A.%2C%20Seech%2C%20K.%2C%20Shipe%2C%20R.%2C%20Smith%2C%20J.%2C%20Taniguchi%2C%20D.%20A.%20A.%2C%20Venrick%2C%20E.%20L.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Barton%2C%20A.%20D.%20%282023%29.%20Convening%20Expert%20Taxonomists%20to%20Build%20Image%20Libraries%20for%20Training%20Automated%20Classifiers.%20%3Ci%3ELimnology%20and%20Oceanography%20Bulletin%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2Flob.10584%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2Flob.10584%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Convening%20Expert%20Taxonomists%20to%20Build%20Image%20Libraries%20for%20Training%20Automated%20Classifiers%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kasia%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kenitz%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Eric%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Orenstein%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Clarissa%20R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Anderson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Alexander%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Barth%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Christian%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Brise%5Cu00f1o%5Cu2010Avena%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22David%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Caron%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Melissa%20L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Carter%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Emily%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Eggleston%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Peter%20J.%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Franks%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22James%20T.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fumo%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jules%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jaffe%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kelsey%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22McBeain%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Anthony%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Odell%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kristi%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Seech%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Rebecca%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Shipe%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jayme%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Smith%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Darcy%20A.%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Taniguchi%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Elizabeth%20L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Venrick%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Andrew%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Barton%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222023-06-15%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1002%5C%2Flob.10584%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221539-607X%2C%201539-6088%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Faslopubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2Flob.10584%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22TKICNGLT%22%2C%22WQ3JHP4G%22%2C%22BZBPGKQB%22%2C%22WFTW2MTH%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-07-13T17%3A40%3A18Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22P8QSMJU5%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Stock%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222023-05-10%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EStock%2C%20B.%20C.%2C%20Mullen%2C%20A.%20D.%2C%20%3Cstrong%3EJaffe%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20J.%20S.%2C%20Candelmo%2C%20A.%2C%20Heppell%2C%20S.%20A.%2C%20Pattengill-Semmens%2C%20C.%20V.%2C%20McCoy%2C%20C.%20M.%2C%20Johnson%2C%20B.%20C.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Semmens%2C%20B.%20X.%20%282023%29.%20Protected%20fish%20spawning%20aggregations%20as%20self-replenishing%20reservoirs%20for%20regional%20recovery.%20%3Ci%3EProceedings%20of%20the%20Royal%20Society%20B%3A%20Biological%20Sciences%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E290%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281998%29%2C%2020230551.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1098%5C%2Frspb.2023.0551%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1098%5C%2Frspb.2023.0551%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Protected%20fish%20spawning%20aggregations%20as%20self-replenishing%20reservoirs%20for%20regional%20recovery%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Brian%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Stock%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Andrew%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mullen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jules%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jaffe%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Allison%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Candelmo%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Scott%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Heppell%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Christy%20V.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pattengill-Semmens%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Croy%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22McCoy%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Bradley%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Johnson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Brice%20X.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Semmens%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Dispersal%20of%20eggs%20and%20larvae%20from%20spawning%20sites%20is%20critical%20to%20the%20population%20dynamics%20and%20conservation%20of%20marine%20fishes.%20For%20overfished%20species%20like%20critically%20endangered%20Nassau%20grouper%20%28%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Epinephelus%20striatus%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%29%2C%20recovery%20depends%20on%20the%20fate%20of%20eggs%20spawned%20at%20the%20few%20remaining%20aggregation%20sites.%20Biophysical%20models%20can%20predict%20larval%20dispersal%2C%20yet%20these%20rely%20on%20assumed%20values%20of%20key%20parameters%2C%20such%20as%20diffusion%20and%20mortality%20rates%2C%20which%20have%20historically%20been%20difficult%20or%20impossible%20to%20estimate.%20We%20used%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20in%20situ%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20imaging%20to%20record%20three-dimensional%20positions%20of%20individual%20eggs%20and%20larvae%20in%20proximity%20to%20oceanographic%20drifters%20released%20into%20egg%20plumes%20from%20the%20largest%20known%20Nassau%20grouper%20spawning%20aggregation.%20We%20then%20estimated%20a%20diffusion%5Cu2013mortality%20model%20and%20applied%20it%20to%20previous%20years%27%20drifter%20tracks%20to%20evaluate%20the%20possibility%20of%20retention%20versus%20export%20to%20nearby%20sites%20within%205%20days%20of%20spawning.%20Results%20indicate%20that%20larvae%20were%20retained%20locally%20in%202011%20and%202017%2C%20with%202011%20recruitment%20being%20a%20substantial%20driver%20of%20population%20recovery%20on%20Little%20Cayman.%20Export%20to%20a%20nearby%20island%20with%20a%20depleted%20population%20occurred%20in%202016.%20After%20two%20decades%20of%20protection%2C%20the%20population%20appears%20to%20be%20self-replenishing%20but%20also%20capable%20of%20seeding%20recruitment%20in%20the%20region%2C%20supporting%20calls%20to%20incorporate%20spawning%20aggregation%20protections%20into%20fisheries%20management.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222023-05-10%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1098%5C%2Frspb.2023.0551%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220962-8452%2C%201471-2954%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Froyalsocietypublishing.org%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2F10.1098%5C%2Frspb.2023.0551%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22GZIXNHJF%22%2C%22WFTW2MTH%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-06-23T16%3A23%3A34Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%229IISABBG%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Kenitz%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222023-01-09%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A3%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EKenitz%2C%20K.%20M.%2C%20Anderson%2C%20C.%20R.%2C%20Carter%2C%20M.%20L.%2C%20Eggleston%2C%20E.%2C%20Seech%2C%20K.%2C%20Shipe%2C%20R.%2C%20Smith%2C%20J.%2C%20Orenstein%2C%20E.%20C.%2C%20Franks%2C%20P.%20J.%20S.%2C%20%3Cstrong%3EJaffe%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20J.%20S.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Barton%2C%20A.%20D.%20%282023%29.%20Environmental%20and%20ecological%20drivers%20of%20harmful%20algal%20blooms%20revealed%20by%20automated%20underwater%20microscopy.%20%3Ci%3ELimnology%20and%20Oceanography%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2Fhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2Flno.12297%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2Fhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2Flno.12297%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Environmental%20and%20ecological%20drivers%20of%20harmful%20algal%20blooms%20revealed%20by%20automated%20underwater%20microscopy%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kasia%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kenitz%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Clarissa%20R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Anderson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Melissa%20L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Carter%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Emily%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Eggleston%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kristi%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Seech%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Rebecca%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Shipe%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jayme%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Smith%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Eric%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Orenstein%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Peter%20J.%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Franks%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jules%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jaffe%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Andrew%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Barton%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Abstract%20In%20recent%20years%2C%20harmful%20algal%20blooms%20%28HABs%29%20have%20increased%20in%20their%20severity%20and%20extent%20in%20many%20parts%20of%20the%20world%20and%20pose%20serious%20threats%20to%20local%20aquaculture%2C%20fisheries%2C%20and%20public%20health.%20In%20many%20cases%2C%20the%20mechanisms%20triggering%20and%20regulating%20HAB%20events%20remain%20poorly%20understood.%20Using%20underwater%20microscopy%20and%20Residual%20Neural%20Network%20%28ResNet-18%29%20to%20taxonomically%20classify%20imaged%20organisms%2C%20we%20developed%20a%20daily%20abundance%20record%20of%20four%20potentially%20harmful%20algae%20%28Akashiwo%20sanguinea%2C%20Chattonella%20spp.%2C%20Dinophysis%20spp.%2C%20and%20Lingulodinium%20polyedra%29%20and%20major%20grazer%20groups%20%28ciliates%2C%20copepod%20nauplii%2C%20and%20copepods%29%20from%20August%202017%20to%20November%202020%20at%20Scripps%20Institution%20of%20Oceanography%20pier%2C%20a%20coastal%20location%20in%20the%20Southern%20California%20Bight.%20Random%20Forest%20algorithms%20were%20used%20to%20identify%20the%20optimal%20combination%20of%20environmental%20and%20ecological%20variables%20that%20produced%20the%20most%20accurate%20abundance%20predictions%20for%20each%20taxon.%20We%20developed%20models%20with%20high%20prediction%20accuracy%20for%20A.%20sanguinea%20%28R2%3D0.79%5Cu00b10.06%24%24%20%7BR%7D%5E2%3D0.79%5C%5Cpm%200.06%20%24%24%29%2C%20Chattonella%20spp.%20%28R2%3D0.63%5Cu00b10.06%24%24%20%7BR%7D%5E2%3D0.63%5C%5Cpm%200.06%20%24%24%29%2C%20and%20L.%20polyedra%20%28R2%3D0.72%5Cu00b10.08%24%24%20%7BR%7D%5E2%3D0.72%5C%5Cpm%200.08%20%24%24%29%2C%20whereas%20models%20for%20Dinophysis%20spp.%20showed%20lower%20prediction%20accuracy%20%28R2%3D0.24%5Cu00b10.07%24%24%20%7BR%7D%5E2%3D0.24%5C%5Cpm%200.07%20%24%24%29.%20Offshore%20nutricline%20depth%20and%20indices%20describing%20climate%20variability%2C%20including%20El%20Ni%5Cu00f1o%20Southern%20Oscillation%2C%20Pacific%20Decadal%20Oscillation%2C%20and%20North%20Pacific%20Gyre%20Oscillation%2C%20that%20influence%20regional-scale%20ocean%20circulation%20patterns%20and%20environmental%20conditions%2C%20were%20key%20predictor%20variables%20for%20these%20HAB%20taxa.%20These%20metrics%20of%20regional-scale%20processes%20were%20generally%20better%20predictors%20of%20HAB%20taxa%20abundances%20at%20this%20coastal%20location%20than%20the%20in%20situ%20environmental%20measurements.%20Ciliate%20abundance%20was%20an%20important%20predictor%20of%20Chattonella%20and%20Dinophysis%20spp.%2C%20but%20not%20of%20A.%20sanguinea%20and%20L.%20polyedra.%20Our%20findings%20indicate%20that%20combining%20regional%20and%20local%20environmental%20factors%20with%20microzooplankton%20populations%20dynamics%20can%20improve%20real-time%20HAB%20abundance%20forecasts.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222023%5C%2F01%5C%2F09%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2Flno.12297%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220024-3590%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22TKICNGLT%22%2C%22WQ3JHP4G%22%2C%22BZBPGKQB%22%2C%22WFTW2MTH%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-07-13T17%3A40%3A24Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22ZTJW8J63%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Jaffe%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222022-12-12%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3E%3Cstrong%3EJaffe%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20J.%20S.%2C%20Schull%2C%20S.%2C%20K%26%23xFC%3Bhl%2C%20M.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Wangpraseurt%2C%20D.%20%282022%29.%20Non-invasive%20estimation%20of%20coral%20polyp%20volume%20and%20surface%20area%20using%20optical%20coherence%20tomography.%20%3Ci%3EFrontiers%20in%20Marine%20Science%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E9%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%201049440.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.3389%5C%2Ffmars.2022.1049440%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.3389%5C%2Ffmars.2022.1049440%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Non-invasive%20estimation%20of%20coral%20polyp%20volume%20and%20surface%20area%20using%20optical%20coherence%20tomography%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jules%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jaffe%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Shania%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Schull%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Michael%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22K%5Cu00fchl%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Daniel%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wangpraseurt%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20surface%20area%20%28SA%29%20and%20three-dimensional%20%283D%29%20morphology%20of%20reef-building%20corals%20are%20central%20to%20their%20physiology.%20A%20challenge%20for%20the%20estimation%20of%20coral%20SA%20has%20been%20to%20meet%20the%20required%20spatial%20resolution%20as%20well%20as%20the%20capability%20to%20preserve%20the%20soft%20tissue%20in%20its%20native%20state%20during%20measurements.%20Optical%20Coherence%20Tomography%20%28OCT%29%20has%20been%20used%20to%20quantify%20the%203D%20microstructure%20of%20coral%20tissues%20and%20skeletons%20with%20nearly%20micron-scale%20resolution.%20Here%2C%20we%20develop%20a%20non-invasive%20method%20to%20quantify%20surface%20area%20and%20volume%20of%20single%20coral%20polyps.%20A%20coral%20fragment%20with%20several%20coral%20polyps%20as%20well%20as%20calibration%20targets%20of%20known%20areal%20extent%20are%20scanned%20with%20an%20OCT%20system.%20This%20produces%20a%203D%20matrix%20of%20optical%20backscatter%20that%20is%20analyzed%20with%20computer%20algorithms%20to%20detect%20refractive%20index%20mismatches%20between%20physical%20boundaries%20between%20the%20coral%20and%20the%20immersed%20water.%20The%20algorithms%20make%20use%20of%20a%20normalization%20of%20the%20depth%20dependent%20scatter%20intensity%20and%20signal%20attenuation%20as%20well%20as%20region%20filling%20to%20depict%20the%20interface%20between%20the%20coral%20soft%20tissue%20and%20the%20water.%20Feasibility%20of%20results%20is%20judged%20by%20inspection%20as%20well%20as%20by%20applying%20algorithms%20to%20hard%20spheres%20and%20fish%20eggs%20whose%20volume%20and%20SA%20can%20be%20estimated%20analytically.%20The%20method%20produces%20surface%20area%20estimates%20in%20calibrated%20targets%20that%20are%20consistent%20with%20analytic%20estimates%20within%2093%25.%20The%20appearance%20of%20the%20coral%20polyp%20surfaces%20is%20consistent%20with%20visual%20inspection%20that%20permits%20standard%20programs%20to%20visualize%20both%20point%20clouds%20and%203-D%20meshes.%20The%20method%20produces%20the%203-D%20definition%20of%20coral%20tissue%20and%20skeleton%20at%20a%20resolution%20close%20to%2010%20%5Cu00b5m%2C%20enabling%20robust%20quantification%20of%20polyp%20volume%20to%20surface%20area%20ratios.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222022-12-12%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.3389%5C%2Ffmars.2022.1049440%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%222296-7745%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.frontiersin.org%5C%2Farticles%5C%2F10.3389%5C%2Ffmars.2022.1049440%5C%2Ffull%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WFTW2MTH%22%2C%22S3IUQRV6%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-01-26T00%3A15%3A25Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22Z8K2YUPZ%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Le%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222022-06-10%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ELe%2C%20K.%20T.%2C%20Yuan%2C%20Z.%2C%20Syed%2C%20A.%2C%20Ratelle%2C%20D.%2C%20Orenstein%2C%20E.%20C.%2C%20Carter%2C%20M.%20L.%2C%20Strang%2C%20S.%2C%20Kenitz%2C%20K.%20M.%2C%20Morgado%2C%20P.%2C%20Franks%2C%20P.%20J.%20S.%2C%20Vasconcelos%2C%20N.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20%3Cstrong%3EJaffe%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20J.%20S.%20%282022%29.%20Benchmarking%20and%20Automating%20the%20Image%20Recognition%20Capability%20of%20an%20In%20Situ%20Plankton%20Imaging%20System.%20%3Ci%3EFrontiers%20in%20Marine%20Science%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E9%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20869088.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.3389%5C%2Ffmars.2022.869088%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.3389%5C%2Ffmars.2022.869088%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Benchmarking%20and%20Automating%20the%20Image%20Recognition%20Capability%20of%20an%20In%20Situ%20Plankton%20Imaging%20System%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kevin%20T.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Le%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Zhouyuan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Yuan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Areeb%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Syed%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Devin%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ratelle%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Eric%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Orenstein%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Melissa%20L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Carter%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sarah%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Strang%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kasia%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kenitz%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Pedro%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Morgado%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Peter%20J.%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Franks%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Nuno%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Vasconcelos%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jules%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jaffe%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22To%20understand%20ocean%20health%2C%20it%20is%20crucial%20to%20monitor%20photosynthetic%20marine%20plankton%20%5Cu2013%20the%20microorganisms%20that%20form%20the%20base%20of%20the%20marine%20food%20web%20and%20are%20responsible%20for%20the%20uptake%20of%20atmospheric%20carbon.%20With%20the%20recent%20development%20of%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20in%20situ%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20microscopes%20that%20can%20acquire%20vast%20numbers%20of%20images%20of%20these%20organisms%2C%20the%20use%20of%20deep%20learning%20methods%20to%20taxonomically%20identify%20them%20has%20come%20to%20the%20forefront.%20Given%20this%2C%20two%20questions%20arise%3A%201%29%20How%20well%20do%20deep%20learning%20methods%20such%20as%20Convolutional%20Neural%20Networks%20%28CNNs%29%20identify%20these%20marine%20organisms%20using%20data%20from%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20in%20situ%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20microscopes%3F%202%29%20How%20well%20do%20CNN-derived%20estimates%20of%20abundance%20agree%20with%20established%20net%20and%20bottle-based%20sampling%3F%20Here%2C%20using%20images%20collected%20by%20the%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20in%20situ%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Scripps%20Plankton%20Camera%20%28SPC%29%20system%2C%20we%20trained%20a%20CNN%20to%20recognize%209%20species%20of%20phytoplankton%2C%20some%20of%20which%20are%20associated%20with%20Harmful%20Algal%20Blooms%20%28HABs%29.%20The%20CNNs%20evaluated%20on%2026%20independent%20natural%20samples%20collected%20at%20Scripps%20Pier%20achieved%20an%20averaged%20accuracy%20of%2092%25%2C%20with%207%20of%2010%20target%20categories%20above%2085%25.%20To%20compare%20abundance%20estimates%2C%20we%20fit%20a%20linear%20model%20between%20the%20number%20of%20organisms%20of%20each%20species%20counted%20in%20a%20known%20volume%20in%20the%20lab%2C%20with%20the%20number%20of%20organisms%20collected%20by%20the%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20in%20situ%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20microscope%20sampling%20at%20the%20same%20time.%20The%20linear%20fit%20between%20lab%20and%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20in%20situ%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20counts%20of%20several%20of%20the%20most%20abundant%20key%20HAB%20species%20suggests%20that%2C%20in%20the%20case%20of%20dinoflagellates%2C%20there%20is%20good%20correspondence%20between%20the%20two%20methods.%20As%20one%20advantage%20of%20our%20method%2C%20given%20the%20excellent%20correlation%20between%20lab%20counts%20and%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20in%20situ%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20microscope%20counts%20for%20key%20species%2C%20the%20methodology%20proposed%20here%20provides%20a%20way%20to%20estimate%20an%20equivalent%20volume%20in%20which%20the%20employed%20microscope%20can%20identify%20in-focus%20organisms%20and%20obtain%20statistically%20robust%20estimates%20of%20abundance.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222022-6-10%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.3389%5C%2Ffmars.2022.869088%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%222296-7745%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.frontiersin.org%5C%2Farticles%5C%2F10.3389%5C%2Ffmars.2022.869088%5C%2Ffull%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22BZBPGKQB%22%2C%22WFTW2MTH%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-07-27T16%3A33%3A18Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%227FGK2EKZ%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Lertvilai%20and%20Jaffe%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222022-04%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ELertvilai%2C%20P.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20%3Cstrong%3EJaffe%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20J.%20S.%20%282022%29.%20In%20situ%20size%20and%20motility%20measurement%20of%20aquatic%20invertebrates%20with%20an%20underwater%20stereoscopic%20camera%20system%20using%20tilted%20lenses.%20%3Ci%3EMethods%20in%20Ecology%20and%20Evolution%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%209.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2F2041-210x.13855%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2F2041-210x.13855%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22In%20situ%20size%20and%20motility%20measurement%20of%20aquatic%20invertebrates%20with%20an%20underwater%20stereoscopic%20camera%20system%20using%20tilted%20lenses%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lertvilai%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jaffe%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22In%20situ%20observation%20of%20traits%20of%20aquatic%20organisms%2C%20including%20size%20and%20motility%2C%20requires%20three-dimensional%20measurements%20that%20are%20commonly%20done%20with%20a%20stereoscopic%20imaging%20system.%20However%2C%20to%20observe%20traits%20of%20small%20aquatic%20invertebrates%2C%20the%20imaging%20system%20requires%20relatively%20high%20magnification%2C%20which%20results%20in%20a%20small%20overlapping%20volume%20between%20the%20two%20cameras%20of%20a%20conventional%20stereoscopic%20system.%20The%20provision%20of%20a%20larger%20shared%20volume%20would%20therefore%20be%20of%20great%20advantage%2C%20especially%2C%20when%20the%20organism%20abundance%20is%20low.%20We%20implement%20a%20stereoscopic%20system%20that%20utilizes%20a%20tilted%20lens%20approach%2C%20known%20as%20the%20Scheimpflug%20principle%2C%20to%20increase%20the%20common%20imaging%20volume%20of%20two%20cameras.%20The%20system%20was%20calibrated%20and%20tested%20in%20the%20laboratory%20and%20then%20deployed%20in%20a%20saltmarsh%20to%20observe%20water%20boatmen%20Trichocorixa%20californica.%20Processing%20of%20the%20image%20data%20from%20the%20field%20deployments%20resulted%20in%20the%20simultaneous%20estimation%20of%20the%20traits%20of%20body%20length%20and%20swimming%20speed%20of%20the%20aquatic%20insects.%20Our%20stereo%20setup%20with%20tilted%20lenses%20increased%20the%20sampling%20volume%20by%203.1%20times%20compared%20to%20a%20traditional%20stereo%20setup%20with%20the%20same%20optical%20parameters.%20The%20in%20situ%20data%20and%20subsequent%20processing%20reveal%20that%20the%20instrument%20can%20capture%20stereoscopic%20images%20that%20resolve%20both%20body%20length%20and%20swimming%20speed%20of%20the%20aquatic%20insects.%20Results%20indicate%20that%20the%20relationship%20between%20the%20body%20length%20and%20the%20swimming%20speed%20of%20the%20water%20boatmen%20is%20linear%20in%20the%20log-log%20space%20with%20an%20exponent%20of%200.81%20%2B%5C%2F-%200.12%24%24%200.81%5C%5Cpm%200.12%20%24%24.%20Furthermore%2C%20the%20insects%20experience%20Reynold%27s%20number%20in%20the%20range%20of%20100%24%24%20%7B10%7D%3C%5E%3E0%20%24%24-103%24%24%20%7B10%7D%3C%5E%3E3%20%24%24.%20Our%20results%20demonstrated%20that%20the%20system%20can%20be%20used%20to%20observe%20key%20traits%20of%20small%20aquatic%20organisms%20in%20an%20ecologically%20relevant%20context.%20This%20work%20expands%20the%20capability%20of%20underwater%20imaging%20systems%20to%20measure%20important%20traits%20of%20an%20individual%20aquatic%20invertebrate%20in%20its%20natural%20environment%20and%20aids%20in%20providing%20a%20trait-based%20approach%20to%20zooplankton%20ecology.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222022%5C%2F04%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22English%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1111%5C%2F2041-210x.13855%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%222041-210X%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WFTW2MTH%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-07-27T16%3A30%3A46Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22GMSPNBYR%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Sauer%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222022-01%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A8%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ESauer%2C%20J.%20S.%2C%20Mayer%2C%20K.%20J.%2C%20Lee%2C%20C.%2C%20Alves%2C%20M.%20R.%2C%20Amiri%2C%20S.%2C%20Bahaveolos%2C%20C.%20J.%2C%20Franklin%2C%20E.%20B.%2C%20Crocker%2C%20D.%20R.%2C%20Dang%2C%20D.%20Y.%2C%20Dinasquet%2C%20J.%2C%20Garofalo%2C%20L.%20A.%2C%20Kaluarachchi%2C%20C.%20P.%2C%20Kilgour%2C%20D.%20B.%2C%20Mael%2C%20L.%20E.%2C%20Mitts%2C%20B.%20A.%2C%20Moon%2C%20D.%20R.%2C%20Moore%2C%20A.%20N.%2C%20Morris%2C%20C.%20K.%2C%20Mullenmeister%2C%20C.%20A.%2C%20%26%23x2026%3B%20Prather%2C%20K.%20A.%20%282022%29.%20The%20Sea%20Spray%20Chemistry%20and%20Particle%20Evolution%20study%20%28SeaSCAPE%29%3A%20overview%20and%20experimental%20methods.%20%3Ci%3EEnvironmental%20Science-Processes%20%26amp%3B%20Impacts%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%2026.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1039%5C%2Fd1em00260k%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1039%5C%2Fd1em00260k%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22The%20Sea%20Spray%20Chemistry%20and%20Particle%20Evolution%20study%20%28SeaSCAPE%29%3A%20overview%20and%20experimental%20methods%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sauer%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22K.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mayer%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lee%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%20R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Alves%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Amiri%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bahaveolos%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22E.%20B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Franklin%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22D.%20R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Crocker%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22D.%20Y.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dang%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dinasquet%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22L.%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Garofalo%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C.%20P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kaluarachchi%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22D.%20B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kilgour%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22L.%20E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mael%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22B.%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mitts%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22D.%20R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Moon%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20N.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Moore%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C.%20K.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Morris%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C.%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mullenmeister%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C.%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ni%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pendergraft%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Petras%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R.%20M.%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Simpson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Smith%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22P.%20R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Tumminello%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Walker%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22P.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22DeMott%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22D.%20K.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Farmer%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Goldstein%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22V.%20H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Grassian%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jaffe%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22F.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Malfatti%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22T.%20R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Martz%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Slade%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20V.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Tivanski%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22T.%20H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bertram%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C.%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cappa%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22K.%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Prather%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Marine%20aerosols%20strongly%20influence%20climate%20through%20their%20interactions%20with%20solar%20radiation%20and%20clouds.%20However%2C%20significant%20questions%20remain%20regarding%20the%20influences%20of%20biological%20activity%20and%20seawater%20chemistry%20on%20the%20flux%2C%20chemical%20composition%2C%20and%20climate-relevant%20properties%20of%20marine%20aerosols%20and%20gases.%20Wave%20channels%2C%20a%20traditional%20tool%20of%20physical%20oceanography%2C%20have%20been%20adapted%20for%20large-scale%20ocean-atmosphere%20mesocosm%20experiments%20in%20the%20laboratory.%20These%20experiments%20enable%20the%20study%20of%20aerosols%20under%20controlled%20conditions%20which%20isolate%20the%20marine%20system%20from%20atmospheric%20anthropogenic%20and%20terrestrial%20influences.%20Here%2C%20we%20present%20an%20overview%20of%20the%202019%20Sea%20Spray%20Chemistry%20and%20Particle%20Evolution%20%28SeaSCAPE%29%20study%2C%20which%20was%20conducted%20in%20an%2011%20800%20L%20wave%20channel%20which%20was%20modified%20to%20facilitate%20atmospheric%20measurements.%20The%20SeaSCAPE%20campaign%20sought%20to%20determine%20the%20influence%20of%20biological%20activity%20in%20seawater%20on%20the%20production%20of%20primary%20sea%20spray%20aerosols%2C%20volatile%20organic%20compounds%20%28VOCs%29%2C%20and%20secondary%20marine%20aerosols.%20Notably%2C%20the%20SeaSCAPE%20experiment%20also%20focused%20on%20understanding%20how%20photooxidative%20aging%20processes%20transform%20the%20composition%20of%20marine%20aerosols.%20In%20addition%20to%20a%20broad%20range%20of%20aerosol%2C%20gas%2C%20and%20seawater%20measurements%2C%20we%20present%20key%20results%20which%20highlight%20the%20experimental%20capabilities%20during%20the%20campaign%2C%20including%20the%20phytoplankton%20bloom%20dynamics%2C%20VOC%20production%2C%20and%20the%20effects%20of%20photochemical%20aging%20on%20aerosol%20production%2C%20morphology%2C%20and%20chemical%20composition.%20Additionally%2C%20we%20discuss%20the%20modifications%20made%20to%20the%20wave%20channel%20to%20improve%20aerosol%20production%20and%20reduce%20background%20contamination%2C%20as%20well%20as%20subsequent%20characterization%20experiments.%20The%20SeaSCAPE%20experiment%20provides%20unique%20insight%20into%20the%20connections%20between%20marine%20biology%2C%20atmospheric%20chemistry%2C%20and%20climate-relevant%20aerosol%20properties%2C%20and%20demonstrates%20how%20an%20ocean-atmosphere-interaction%20facility%20can%20be%20used%20to%20isolate%20and%20study%20reactions%20in%20the%20marine%20atmosphere%20in%20the%20laboratory%20under%20more%20controlled%20conditions.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222022%5C%2F01%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22English%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1039%5C%2Fd1em00260k%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%222050-7887%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%2269WK3MNY%22%2C%226GX7VGSR%22%2C%22WFTW2MTH%22%2C%22U6IKZG3S%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-10-11T20%3A24%3A28Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%222A7TWFH8%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Pagniello%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222021-09%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A4%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EPagniello%2C%20C.%2C%20Butler%2C%20J.%2C%20Rosen%2C%20A.%2C%20Sherwood%2C%20A.%2C%20Roberts%2C%20P.%2C%20Parnell%2C%20E.%2C%20%3Cstrong%3EJaffe%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20J.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Sirovic%2C%20A.%20%282021%29.%20An%20optical%20imaging%20system%20for%20capturing%20images%20in%20low-light%20aquatic%20habitats%20using%20only%20ambient%20light.%20%3Ci%3EOceanography%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E34%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%283%29%2C%2071%26%23x2013%3B77.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.5670%5C%2Foceanog.2021.305%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.5670%5C%2Foceanog.2021.305%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22An%20optical%20imaging%20system%20for%20capturing%20images%20in%20low-light%20aquatic%20habitats%20using%20only%20ambient%20light%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pagniello%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Butler%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rosen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sherwood%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Roberts%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Parnell%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jaffe%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sirovic%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22It%20is%20preferable%20that%20methods%20for%20monitoring%20fish%20behavior%2C%20diversity%2C%20and%20abundance%20be%20noninvasive%20to%20avoid%20potential%20bias.%20Optical%20imaging%20facilitates%20the%20noninvasive%20monitoring%20of%20underwater%20environments%20and%20is%20best%20conducted%20without%20the%20use%20of%20artificial%20lighting.%20Here%2C%20we%20describe%20a%20custom-designed%20optical%20imaging%20system%20that%20utilizes%20a%20consumer-grade%20camera%20to%20capture%20images%20in%20situ%20in%20ambient%20light.%20This%20diver-deployed%20system%20can%20be%20used%20to%20collect%20time%20series%20of%20occurrences%20of%20animals%20while%20concurrently%20obtaining%20behavioral%20observations%20for%20two%20weeks%20to%20a%20month%20%28depending%20on%20the%20sampling%20rate%29.%20It%20has%20also%20been%20configured%20to%20be%20paired%20with%20a%20passive%20acoustic%20system%20to%20record%20time-synchronized%20image%20and%20acoustic%20data.%20The%20system%20was%20deployed%20in%20a%20protected%20kelp%20forest%20off%20southern%20California%20and%20captured%20%3E1%2C500%20high-quality%20images%20per%20day%20over%2014%20days.%20The%20images%20revealed%20numerous%20fish%20species%20exhibiting%20biologically%20important%20behaviors%20as%20well%20as%20daily%20patterns%20of%20presence%5C%2Fabsence.%20The%20optical%20imaging%20system%20is%20a%20cost-effective%20tool%20that%20can%20be%20easily%20fabricated%20and%20improves%20upon%20many%20of%20the%20limitations%20of%20previous%20systems%2C%20including%20deployment%20length%20and%20image%20quality%20in%20low-light%20and%20limited-visibility%20conditions.%20The%20system%20provides%20a%20relatively%20noninvasive%20way%20to%20monitor%20shallow%20marine%20habitats%2C%20including%20protected%20areas%2C%20and%20can%20augment%20traditional%20survey%20methods%20by%20providing%20nearly%20continuous%20observations%20and%20thus%20yield%20increased%20statistical%20power.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222021%5C%2F09%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22English%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.5670%5C%2Foceanog.2021.305%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221042-8275%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WFTW2MTH%22%2C%22VMQ3KRIH%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-10-20T15%3A54%3A13Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22LHKPW7HM%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Merz%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222021-09%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EMerz%2C%20E.%2C%20Kozakiewicz%2C%20T.%2C%20Reyes%2C%20M.%2C%20Ebi%2C%20C.%2C%20Isles%2C%20P.%2C%20Baity-Jesi%2C%20M.%2C%20Roberts%2C%20P.%2C%20%3Cstrong%3EJaffe%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20J.%20S.%2C%20Dennis%2C%20S.%20R.%2C%20Hardeman%2C%20T.%2C%20Stevens%2C%20N.%2C%20Lorimer%2C%20T.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Pomati%2C%20F.%20%282021%29.%20Underwater%20dual-magnification%20imaging%20for%20automated%20lake%20plankton%20monitoring.%20%3Ci%3EWater%20Research%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E203%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%2012.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.watres.2021.117524%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.watres.2021.117524%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Underwater%20dual-magnification%20imaging%20for%20automated%20lake%20plankton%20monitoring%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Merz%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22T.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kozakiewicz%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Reyes%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ebi%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Isles%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Baity-Jesi%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Roberts%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jaffe%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%20R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dennis%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22T.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hardeman%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22N.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Stevens%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22T.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lorimer%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22F.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pomati%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20Dual%20Scripps%20Plankton%20Camera%20%28DSPC%29%20is%20a%20new%20approach%20for%20automated%20in-situ%20monitoring%20of%20phyto-and%20zooplankton%20communities%20based%20on%20a%20dual%20magnification%20dark-field%20imaging%20microscope.%20Here%2C%20we%20present%20the%20DSPC%20and%20its%20associated%20image%20processing%20while%20evaluating%20its%20capabilities%20in%20i%29%20detecting%20and%20characterizing%20plankton%20species%20of%20different%20size%20and%20taxonomic%20categories%20and%20ii%29%20measuring%20their%20abundance%20in%20both%20laboratory%20and%20field%20applications.%20In%20the%20laboratory%2C%20body%20size%20and%20abundance%20estimates%20by%20the%20DSPC%20significantly%20and%20robustly%20scaled%20with%20measurements%20derived%20by%20microscopy.%20In%20the%20field%2C%20a%20DSPC%20installed%20permanently%20at%203%20m%20depth%20in%20Lake%20Greifensee%20%28Switzerland%29%20delivered%20images%20of%20plankton%20individuals%2C%20colonies%2C%20and%20heterospecific%20aggregates%20at%20hourly%20timescales%20without%20disrupting%20natural%20arrangements%20of%20interacting%20organisms%2C%20their%20microenvironment%20or%20their%20behavior.%20The%20DSPC%20was%20able%20to%20track%20the%20dynamics%20of%20taxa%2C%20mostly%20at%20the%20genus%20level%2C%20in%20the%20size%20range%20between-10%20mu%20m%20to%20-1%20cm%2C%20covering%20many%20components%20of%20the%20planktonic%20food%20web%20%28including%20parasites%20and%20potentially%20toxic%20cyanobacteria%29.%20Comparing%20data%20from%20the%20field-deployed%20DSPC%20to%20traditional%20sampling%20and%20microscopy%20revealed%20a%20general%20overall%20agreement%20in%20estimates%20of%20plankton%20diversity%20and%20abundances.%20The%20most%20significant%20disagreements%20between%20traditional%20methods%20and%20the%20DSPC%20resided%20in%20the%20measurements%20of%20zooplankton%20community%20properties.%20Our%20data%20suggest%20that%20the%20DSPC%20is%20better%20equipped%20to%20study%20the%20dynamics%20and%20demography%20of%20heterogeneously%20distributed%20organisms%20such%20as%20zooplankton%2C%20because%20high%20temporal%20resolution%20and%20continuous%20sampling%20offer%20more%20information%20and%20less%20variability%20in%20taxa%20detection%20and%20quantification%20than%20traditional%20sampling.%20Time%20series%20collected%20by%20the%20DSPC%20depicted%20ecological%20succession%20patterns%2C%20algal%20bloom%20dynamics%20and%20diel%20fluctuations%20with%20a%20temporal%20frequency%20and%20morphological%20resolution%20that%20was%20never%20observed%20by%20traditional%20methods.%20Access%20to%20high%20frequency%2C%20reproducible%20and%20real-time%20data%20of%20a%20large%20spectrum%20of%20the%20planktonic%20ecosystem%20expands%20our%20understanding%20of%20both%20applied%20and%20fundamental%20plankton%20ecology.%20We%20conclude%20the%20DSPC%20is%20robust%20for%20both%20research%20and%20water%20quality%20monitoring%20and%20suitable%20for%20stable%20long-term%20deployments.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222021%5C%2F09%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22English%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.watres.2021.117524%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220043-1354%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WFTW2MTH%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-07-27T16%3A30%3A49Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22ERJNZDXU%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Ronen%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222021-09%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ERonen%2C%20R.%2C%20Attias%2C%20Y.%2C%20Schechner%2C%20Y.%20Y.%2C%20%3Cstrong%3EJaffe%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20J.%20S.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Orenstein%2C%20E.%20%282021%29.%20Plankton%20reconstruction%20through%20robust%20statistical%20optical%20tomography.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20the%20Optical%20Society%20of%20America%20A-Optics%20Image%20Science%20and%20Vision%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E38%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%289%29%2C%201320%26%23x2013%3B1331.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1364%5C%2Fjosaa.423037%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1364%5C%2Fjosaa.423037%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Plankton%20reconstruction%20through%20robust%20statistical%20optical%20tomography%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ronen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Y.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Attias%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Y.%20Y.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Schechner%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jaffe%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Orenstein%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Plankton%20interact%20with%20the%20environment%20according%20to%20their%20size%20and%20three-dimensional%20%283D%29%20structure.%20To%20study%20them%20outdoors%2C%20these%20translucent%20specimens%20are%20imaged%20in%20situ.%20Light%20projects%20through%20a%20specimen%20in%20each%20image.%20The%20specimen%20has%20a%20random%20scale%2C%20drawn%20from%20the%20population%27s%20size%20distribution%20and%20random%20unknown%20pose.%20The%20specimen%20appears%20only%20once%20before%20drifting%20away.%20We%20achieve%203D%20tomography%20using%20such%20a%20random%20ensemble%20to%20statistically%20estimate%20an%20average%20volumetric%20distribution%20of%20the%20plankton%20type%20and%20specimen%20size.%20To%20counter%20errors%20due%20to%20non-rigid%20deformations%2C%20we%20weight%20the%20data%2C%20drawing%20from%20advanced%20models%20developed%20for%20cryo-electron%20microscopy.%20The%20weights%20convey%20the%20confidence%20in%20the%20quality%20of%20each%20datum.%20This%20confidence%20relies%20on%20a%20statistical%20error%20model.%20We%20demonstrate%20the%20approach%20on%20live%20plankton%20using%20an%20underwater%20field%20microscope.%20%28C%29%202021%20Optical%20Society%20of%20America%20under%20the%20terms%20of%20the%20OSA%20Open%20Access%20Publishing%20Agreement%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222021%5C%2F09%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22English%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1364%5C%2Fjosaa.423037%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221084-7529%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WFTW2MTH%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-07-27T16%3A30%3A47Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22IMD4XQER%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Lertvilai%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222021-06%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ELertvilai%2C%20P.%2C%20Roberts%2C%20P.%20L.%20D.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20%3Cstrong%3EJaffe%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20J.%20S.%20%282021%29.%20In%20situ%20underwater%20average%20flow%20velocity%20estimation%20using%20a%20low-cost%20video%20velocimeter.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20Atmospheric%20and%20Oceanic%20Technology%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E38%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%286%29%2C%201143%26%23x2013%3B1156.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1175%5C%2Fjtech-d-20-0115.1%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1175%5C%2Fjtech-d-20-0115.1%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22In%20situ%20underwater%20average%20flow%20velocity%20estimation%20using%20a%20low-cost%20video%20velocimeter%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lertvilai%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22P.%20L.%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Roberts%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jaffe%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20development%20of%20a%20low-cost%20Video%20Velocimeter%20%28VIV%29%20to%20estimate%20underwater%20bulk%20flow%20velocity%20is%20described.%20The%20instrument%20utilizes%20a%20simplified%20particle%20image%20correlation%20technique%20to%20reconstruct%20an%20average%20flow%20velocity%20vector%20from%20video%20recordings%20of%20ambient%20particles.%20The%20VIV%20uses%20a%20single%20camera%20with%20a%20set%20of%20mirrors%20that%20splits%20the%20view%20into%20two%20stereoscopic%20views%2C%20allowing%20estimation%20of%20the%20flow%20velocity%20vector.%20The%20VIV%20was%20validated%20in%20a%20controlled%20flume%20using%20ambient%20seawater%2C%20and%20subsequently%20field%20tested%20together%20with%20an%20acoustic%20Doppler%20velocimeter%20with%20both%20mounted%20close%20to%20the%20coastal%20seafloor.%20When%20used%20in%20nonturbulent%20flow%2C%20the%20instrument%20can%20estimate%20mean%20flow%20velocity%20parallel%20to%20the%20front%20face%20of%20the%20instrument%20with%20root-mean-squared%20errors%20of%20the%20main%20flow%20within%2010%25%20of%20the%20%2B%5C%2F-%2020%20cm%20s%28-1%29%20measurement%20range%20when%20compared%20to%20an%20acoustic%20Doppler%20velocimeter%20%28ADV%29.%20The%20predominant%20feature%20of%20the%20VIV%20is%20that%20it%20is%20a%20cost-effective%20method%20to%20estimate%20flow%20velocity%20in%20complex%20benthic%20habitats%20where%20velocity%20parallel%20to%20the%20sea%20floor%20is%20of%20interest.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222021%5C%2F06%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1175%5C%2Fjtech-d-20-0115.1%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220739-0572%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WFTW2MTH%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-07-27T16%3A30%3A46Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22SU7B342J%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Butler%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222021-04%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A4%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EButler%2C%20J.%2C%20Pagniello%2C%20C.%2C%20%3Cstrong%3EJaffe%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20J.%20S.%2C%20Parnell%2C%20P.%20E.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Sirovic%2C%20A.%20%282021%29.%20Diel%20and%20seasonal%20variability%20in%20kelp%20forest%20soundscapes%20off%20the%20Southern%20California%20coast.%20%3Ci%3EFrontiers%20in%20Marine%20Science%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E8%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.3389%5C%2Ffmars.2021.629643%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.3389%5C%2Ffmars.2021.629643%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Diel%20and%20seasonal%20variability%20in%20kelp%20forest%20soundscapes%20off%20the%20Southern%20California%20coast%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Butler%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Cmls%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pagniello%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jaffe%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22P.%20E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Parnell%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sirovic%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Soundscape%20ecology%20is%20a%20relatively%20new%20field%20that%20can%20provide%20insights%20into%20the%20structure%20and%20health%20of%20marine%20habitats.%20Though%20this%20field%20is%20growing%2C%20the%20acoustics%20of%20many%20marine%20habitats%2C%20including%20the%20giant%20kelp%20forests%20off%20Southern%20California%2C%20remain%20poorly%20studied.%20Here%2C%20we%20examine%20the%20diel%20and%20seasonal%20periodicity%20of%20kelp%20forest%20soundscapes%20within%20a%20protected%20and%20unprotected%20site%20off%20San%20Diego%2C%20CA.%20Singular%20value%20decomposition%20was%20used%20to%20identify%20frequency%20bands%20of%20interest%2C%20enabling%20tracking%20of%20these%20bands%20through%20seasons%20to%20examine%20their%20variability.%20Four%20frequency%20bands%20were%20identified%3A%20%281%29%2060-130%20Hz%2C%20which%20encompassed%20a%20putative%20fish%20chorus%2C%20%282%29%20300-500%20Hz%2C%20which%20encompassed%20a%20different%20putative%20fish%20chorus%2C%20%283%29%20a%20band%20that%20encompassed%20humming%20generated%20by%20Plainfin%20Midshipmen%20Poricthys%20notatus%20%28fundamental%20frequency%3A%2085-95%20Hz%2C%20and%20two%20subharmonics%20175-185%20Hz%20and%20265-275%20Hz%29%2C%20and%20%284%29%20a%20band%20that%20encompassed%20the%20snaps%20of%20snapping%20shrimps%20from%202.5%20to%207.5%20kHz.%20Overall%2C%20kelp%20forest%20soundscapes%20exhibited%20diel%20and%20seasonal%20variability.%20In%20particular%2C%20the%20two%20putative%20fish%20choruses%20dominated%20the%20dusk%20soundscapes%20during%20late%20spring%20and%20summer%2C%20and%20the%20Midshipmen%20hums%20persisted%20throughout%20nights%20in%20summer.%20Snapping%20shrimp%20sounds%20exhibited%20stereotypic%20crepuscular%20activity%2C%20with%20peaks%20in%20acoustic%20energy%20in%20the%202.5-7.5%20kHz%20band%20occurring%20at%20dusk%20and%20dawn.%20In%20addition%2C%20vessel%20noise%20was%20identified%20and%20found%20to%20exhibit%20strong%20seasonal%20and%20spatial%20variation.%20Vessel%20noise%20was%20greatest%20during%20August%20and%20September%20at%20the%20protected%20site%20and%20was%20generally%20lower%20during%20the%20winter%20and%20spring%20months.%20These%20findings%20help%20establish%20reference%20acoustic%20indices%20for%20the%20kelp%20forests%20off%20Southern%20California%2C%20within%20and%20outside%20of%20a%20protected%20area%2C%20and%20can%20provide%20resource%20managers%20with%20information%20on%20how%20well%20a%20marine%20reserve%20protects%20a%20species%20of%20interest%2C%20as%20well%20as%20the%20putative%20human%20visitation%20of%20these%20protected%20areas.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222021%5C%2F04%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.3389%5C%2Ffmars.2021.629643%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WFTW2MTH%22%2C%22VMQ3KRIH%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-10-21T00%3A08%3A06Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22V5P8QFQE%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Garwood%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222020-10%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A6%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EGarwood%2C%20J.%20C.%2C%20Lucas%2C%20A.%20J.%2C%20Naughton%2C%20P.%2C%20Roberts%2C%20P.%20L.%20D.%2C%20%3Cstrong%3EJaffe%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20J.%20S.%2C%20DeGelleke%2C%20L.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Franks%2C%20P.%20J.%20S.%20%282020%29.%20Larval%20cross-shore%20transport%20estimated%20from%20internal%20waves%20with%20a%20background%20flow%3A%20The%20effects%20of%20larval%20vertical%20position%20and%20depth%20regulation.%20%3Ci%3ELimnology%20and%20Oceanography%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2Flno.11632%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2Flno.11632%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Larval%20cross-shore%20transport%20estimated%20from%20internal%20waves%20with%20a%20background%20flow%3A%20The%20effects%20of%20larval%20vertical%20position%20and%20depth%20regulation%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Garwood%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lucas%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Naughton%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22P.%20L.%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Roberts%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jaffe%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22DeGelleke%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22P.%20J.%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Franks%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Cross-shore%20velocities%20in%20the%20coastal%20ocean%20typically%20vary%20with%20depth.%20The%20direction%20and%20magnitude%20of%20transport%20experienced%20by%20meroplanktonic%20larvae%20will%20therefore%20be%20influenced%20by%20their%20vertical%20position.%20To%20quantify%20how%20swimming%20behavior%20and%20vertical%20position%20in%20internal%20waves%20influence%20larval%20cross-shore%20transport%20in%20the%20shallow%20%28similar%20to%2020%20m%29%2C%20stratified%20coastal%20waters%20off%20Southern%20California%2C%20we%20deployed%20swarms%20of%20novel%2C%20subsurface%20larval%20mimics%2C%20the%20Mini-Autonomous%20Underwater%20Explorers%20%28M-AUEs%29.%20The%20M-AUEs%20were%20programmed%20to%20maintain%20a%20specified%20depth%2C%20and%20were%20deployed%20near%20a%20mooring.%20Transport%20of%20the%20M-AUEs%20was%20predominantly%20onshore%2C%20with%20average%20velocities%20up%20to%2014%20cm%20s%28-1%29.%20To%20put%20the%20M-AUE%20deployments%20into%20a%20broader%20context%2C%20we%20simulated%20%3E%20500%20individual%20high-frequency%20internal%20waves%20observed%20at%20the%20mooring%20over%20a%2014-d%20deployment%3B%20in%20each%20internal%20wave%2C%20we%20released%20both%20depth-keeping%20and%20passive%20virtual%20larvae%20every%20meter%20in%20the%20vertical.%20After%20the%20waves%27%20passage%2C%20depth-keeping%20virtual%20larvae%20were%20usually%20found%20closer%20to%20shore%20than%20passive%20larvae%20released%20at%20the%20same%20depth.%20Near%20the%20top%20of%20the%20water%20column%20%283-5-m%20depth%29%2C%20similar%20to%2020%25%20of%20internal%20waves%20enhanced%20onshore%20transport%20of%20depth-keeping%20virtual%20larvae%20by%20%3E%3D%2050%20m%2C%20whereas%20only%201%25%20of%20waves%20gave%20similar%20enhancements%20to%20passive%20larvae.%20Our%20observations%20and%20simulations%20showed%20that%20depth-keeping%20behavior%20in%20high-frequency%20internal%20waves%20resulted%20in%20enhanced%20onshore%20transport%20at%20the%20top%20of%20the%20water%20column%2C%20and%20reduced%20offshore%20dispersal%20at%20the%20bottom%2C%20compared%20to%20being%20passive.%20Thus%2C%20even%20weak%20depth-keeping%20may%20allow%20larvae%20to%20reach%20nearshore%20adult%20habitats%20more%20reliably%20than%20drifting%20passively.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222020%5C%2F10%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1002%5C%2Flno.11632%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220024-3590%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22BZBPGKQB%22%2C%22AQ8YYSAP%22%2C%22WFTW2MTH%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-08-15T16%3A15%3A30Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%228N6UUH69%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Orenstein%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222020-10%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A4%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EOrenstein%2C%20E.%20C.%2C%20Ratelle%2C%20D.%2C%20Briseno-Avena%2C%20C.%2C%20Carter%2C%20M.%20L.%2C%20Franks%2C%20P.%20J.%20S.%2C%20%3Cstrong%3EJaffe%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20J.%20S.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Roberts%2C%20P.%20L.%20D.%20%282020%29.%20The%20Scripps%20Plankton%20Camera%20system%3A%20A%20framework%20and%20platform%20for%20in%20situ%20microscopy.%20%3Ci%3ELimnology%20and%20Oceanography-Methods%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2Flom3.10394%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2Flom3.10394%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22The%20Scripps%20Plankton%20Camera%20system%3A%20A%20framework%20and%20platform%20for%20in%20situ%20microscopy%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22E.%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Orenstein%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ratelle%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Briseno-Avena%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%20L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Carter%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22P.%20J.%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Franks%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jaffe%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22P.%20L.%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Roberts%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20large%20data%20sets%20provided%20byin%20situoptical%20microscopes%20are%20allowing%20us%20to%20answer%20longstanding%20questions%20about%20the%20dynamics%20of%20planktonic%20ecosystems.%20To%20deal%20with%20the%20influx%20of%20information%2C%20while%20facilitating%20ecological%20insights%2C%20the%20design%20of%20these%20instruments%20increasingly%20must%20consider%20the%20data%3A%20storage%20standards%2C%20human%20annotation%2C%20and%20automated%20classification.%20In%20that%20context%2C%20we%20detail%20the%20design%20of%20the%20Scripps%20Plankton%20Camera%20%28SPC%29%20system%2C%20anin%20situmicroscopic%20imaging%20system.%20Broadly%20speaking%2C%20the%20SPC%20consists%20of%20three%20units%3A%20%281%29%20an%20underwater%2C%20free-space%2C%20dark-field%20imaging%20microscope%3B%20%282%29%20a%20server-based%20management%20system%20for%20data%20storage%20and%20analysis%3B%20and%20%283%29%20a%20web-based%20user%20interface%20for%20real-time%20data%20browsing%20and%20annotation.%20Combined%2C%20these%20components%20facilitate%20observations%20and%20insights%20into%20the%20diverse%20planktonic%20ecosystem.%20Here%2C%20we%20detail%20the%20basic%20design%20of%20the%20SPC%20and%20briefly%20present%20several%20preliminary%2C%20machine-learning-enabled%20studies%20illustrating%20its%20utility%20and%20efficacy.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222020%5C%2F10%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1002%5C%2Flom3.10394%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221541-5856%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22BZBPGKQB%22%2C%22WFTW2MTH%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-08-05T16%3A12%3A45Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22E8TQSEY9%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Orenstein%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222020-10%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A6%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EOrenstein%2C%20E.%20C.%2C%20Kenitz%2C%20K.%20M.%2C%20Roberts%2C%20P.%20L.%20D.%2C%20Franks%2C%20P.%20J.%20S.%2C%20%3Cstrong%3EJaffe%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20J.%20S.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Barton%2C%20A.%20D.%20%282020%29.%20Semi-%20and%20fully%20supervised%20quantification%20techniques%20to%20improve%20population%20estimates%20from%20machine%20classifiers.%20%3Ci%3ELimnology%20and%20Oceanography-Methods%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2Flom3.10399%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2Flom3.10399%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Semi-%20and%20fully%20supervised%20quantification%20techniques%20to%20improve%20population%20estimates%20from%20machine%20classifiers%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22E.%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Orenstein%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22K.%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kenitz%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22P.%20L.%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Roberts%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22P.%20J.%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Franks%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jaffe%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Barton%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Modern%20in%20situ%20digital%20imaging%20systems%20collect%20vast%20numbers%20of%20images%20of%20marine%20organisms%20and%20suspended%20particles.%20Automated%20methods%20to%20classify%20objects%20in%20these%20images%20-%20largely%20supervised%20machine%20learning%20techniques%20-%20are%20now%20used%20to%20deal%20with%20this%20onslaught%20of%20biological%20data.%20Though%20such%20techniques%20can%20minimize%20the%20human%20cost%20of%20analyzing%20the%20data%2C%20they%20also%20have%20important%20limitations.%20In%20training%20automated%20classifiers%2C%20we%20implicitly%20program%20them%20with%20an%20inflexible%20understanding%20of%20the%20environment%20they%20are%20observing.%20When%20the%20relationship%20between%20the%20classifier%20and%20the%20population%20changes%2C%20the%20computer%27s%20performance%20degrades%2C%20potentially%20decreasing%20the%20accuracy%20of%20the%20estimate%20of%20community%20composition.%20This%20limitation%20of%20automated%20classifiers%20is%20known%20as%20%5C%22dataset%20shift.%5C%22%20Here%2C%20we%20describe%20techniques%20for%20addressing%20dataset%20shift.%20We%20then%20apply%20them%20to%20the%20output%20of%20a%20binary%20deep%20neural%20network%20searching%20for%20diatom%20chains%20in%20data%20generated%20by%20the%20Scripps%20Plankton%20Camera%20System%20%28SPCS%29%20on%20the%20Scripps%20Pier.%20In%20particular%2C%20we%20describe%20a%20supervised%20quantification%20approach%20to%20adjust%20a%20classifier%27s%20output%20using%20a%20small%20number%20of%20human%20corrected%20images%20to%20estimate%20the%20system%20error%20in%20a%20time%20frame%20of%20interest.%20This%20method%20yielded%20an%2080%25%20improvement%20in%20mean%20absolute%20error%20over%20the%20raw%20classifier%20output%20on%20a%20set%20of%2041%20independent%20samples%20from%20the%20SPCS.%20The%20technique%20can%20be%20extended%20to%20adjust%20the%20output%20of%20multi-category%20classifiers%20and%20other%20in%20situ%20observing%20systems.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222020%5C%2F10%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1002%5C%2Flom3.10399%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221541-5856%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WQ3JHP4G%22%2C%22BZBPGKQB%22%2C%22WFTW2MTH%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-08-05T16%3A12%3A53Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22Y525ZJHS%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Briseno-Avena%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222020-07%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A4%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EBriseno-Avena%2C%20C.%2C%20Prairie%2C%20J.%20C.%2C%20Franks%2C%20P.%20J.%20S.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20%3Cstrong%3EJaffe%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20J.%20S.%20%282020%29.%20Comparing%20Vertical%20Distributions%20of%20Chl-a%20Fluorescence%2C%20Marine%20Snow%2C%20and%20Taxon-Specific%20Zooplankton%20in%20Relation%20to%20Density%20Using%20High-Resolution%20Optical%20Measurements.%20%3Ci%3EFrontiers%20in%20Marine%20Science%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E7%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.3389%5C%2Ffmars.2020.00602%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.3389%5C%2Ffmars.2020.00602%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Comparing%20Vertical%20Distributions%20of%20Chl-a%20Fluorescence%2C%20Marine%20Snow%2C%20and%20Taxon-Specific%20Zooplankton%20in%20Relation%20to%20Density%20Using%20High-Resolution%20Optical%20Measurements%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Briseno-Avena%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Prairie%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22P.%20J.%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Franks%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jaffe%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Interactions%20between%20predators%20and%20their%20prey%20are%20important%20in%20shaping%20planktonic%20ecosystems.%20However%2C%20these%20interactions%20are%20difficult%20to%20assess%20in%20situ%20at%20the%20spatial%20scales%20relevant%20to%20the%20organisms.%20This%20work%20presents%20high%20spatial%20resolution%20observations%20of%20the%20nighttime%20vertical%20distributions%20of%20individual%20zooplankton%2C%20chlorophylla%20fluorescence%2C%20and%20marine%20snow%20in%20stratified%20coastal%20waters%20of%20the%20Southern%20California%20Bight.%20Data%20were%20obtained%20using%20a%20planar%20laser%20imaging%20fluorometer%20%28PLIF%29%20augmented%20with%20a%20shadowgraph%20zooplankton%20imaging%20system%20%28O-Cam%29%20mounted%20along%20with%20ancillary%20sensors%20on%20a%20free-descent%20platform.%20Fluorometer%20and%20PLIF%20sensors%20detected%20two%20well-defined%20and%20distinct%20peaks%3A%20the%20subsurface%20chlorophyll%20maximum%20%28SCM%29%20and%20a%20fluorescent%20particle%20maximum%20%28FPM%29%20dominated%20by%20large%20marine%20snow.%20The%20O-Cam%20imaging%20system%20allows%20reliable%20estimates%20of%20concentrations%20of%20crustacean%20and%20gelatinous%20zooplankton%20groups%3B%20we%20found%20that%20grazers%20and%20their%20predators%20had%20well-structured%20nighttime%20distributions%20in%20and%20around%20the%20SCM%20and%20FPM%20in%20ways%20that%20suggested%20potential%20predator%20avoidance%20at%20the%20peak%20of%20the%20SCM%20and%20immediately%20above%20the%20FPM%20%28where%20predatory%20hydromedusae%2C%20and%20to%20some%20degree%20euphausiids%2C%20were%20primarily%20located%29.%20Calanoid%20copepods%20were%20found%20above%20the%20SCM%20while%20cyclopoids%20were%20associated%20with%20the%20FPM.%20The%20locations%20of%20predator%20and%20grazer%20concentration%20peaks%20suggest%20that%20their%20dynamics%20may%20control%20the%20vertical%20gradients%20defining%20the%20SCM%20and%20FPM.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222020%5C%2F07%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.3389%5C%2Ffmars.2020.00602%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22BZBPGKQB%22%2C%22WFTW2MTH%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-08-15T17%3A42%3A46Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22Q8EV4432%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Kenitz%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222020-06%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A6%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EKenitz%2C%20K.%20M.%2C%20Orenstein%2C%20E.%20C.%2C%20Roberts%2C%20P.%20L.%20D.%2C%20Franks%2C%20P.%20J.%20S.%2C%20%3Cstrong%3EJaffe%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20J.%20S.%2C%20Carter%2C%20M.%20L.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Barton%2C%20A.%20D.%20%282020%29.%20Environmental%20drivers%20of%20population%20variability%20in%20colony-forming%20marine%20diatoms.%20%3Ci%3ELimnology%20and%20Oceanography%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2Flno.11468%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2Flno.11468%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Environmental%20drivers%20of%20population%20variability%20in%20colony-forming%20marine%20diatoms%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22K.%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kenitz%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22E.%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Orenstein%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22P.%20L.%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Roberts%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22P.%20J.%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Franks%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jaffe%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%20L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Carter%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Barton%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Many%20aquatic%20microbes%20form%20colonies%2C%20yet%20little%20is%20known%20about%20their%20abundance%20and%20fitness%20relative%20to%20single-celled%20taxa.%20The%20formation%20of%20diatom%20chains%2C%20in%20particular%2C%20has%20implications%20for%20diatom%20growth%2C%20survival%2C%20and%20carbon%20transfer.%20Here%2C%20we%20utilize%20an%20autonomous%20underwater%20microscope%2C%20combined%20with%20traditional%20microscopy%2C%20to%20develop%20a%20novel%2C%20multiyear%20record%20of%20the%20abundance%20of%20single-cell%20and%20colony-forming%20diatoms%20at%20Scripps%20Pier%2C%20a%20coastal%20location%20in%20the%20Southern%20California%20Bight.%20The%20total%20abundance%20of%20diatoms%20was%20lower%20during%20the%20warmer%20and%20more%20stratified%20conditions%20from%202015%20to%20early%202016%2C%20but%20increased%20in%20cooler%20and%20less%20stratified%20conditions%20in%20mid-2016%20to%20late%202017.%20Diatom%20blooms%20were%20dominated%20by%20chain-forming%20taxa%2C%20whereas%20solitary%20diatoms%20prevailed%20during%20low-biomass%20conditions.%20The%20abundance%20of%20dinoflagellates%2C%20some%20of%20which%20are%20important%20diatom%20predators%2C%20is%20highest%20when%20colonies%20%28chains%29%20are%20most%20abundant.%20These%20observations%20of%20the%20diatom%20assemblage%20are%20consistent%20with%20a%20trade-off%20between%20resource%20acquisition%20and%20predator%20defenses.%20Solitary%20diatom%20cells%20dominated%20during%20conditions%20with%20weak%20nutrient%20supply%20because%20they%20have%20a%20greater%20diffusive%20catchment%20area%20per%20cell%20in%20comparison%20to%20cells%20living%20in%20colonies.%20In%20contrast%2C%20during%20bloom%20conditions%20when%20nutrient%20supply%20is%20high%20and%20predators%20are%20abundant%2C%20forming%20a%20colony%20may%20reduce%20predation%20losses%20to%20quickly%20growing%20microzooplankton%20predators%2C%20and%20afford%20chains%20a%20higher%20fitness%20despite%20the%20costs%20of%20sharing%20resources%20with%20neighboring%20cells.%20These%20results%20highlight%20the%20contrasting%20ecology%20of%20single-cell%20and%20chain-forming%20diatoms%2C%20and%20the%20need%20to%20differentiate%20them%20in%20monitoring%20campaigns%20and%20ecological%20models.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222020%5C%2F06%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1002%5C%2Flno.11468%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220024-3590%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WQ3JHP4G%22%2C%22BZBPGKQB%22%2C%22WFTW2MTH%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-08-05T16%3A15%3A31Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%223QTLY3PN%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Garwood%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222019-12%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A8%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EGarwood%2C%20J.%20C.%2C%20Lucas%2C%20A.%20J.%2C%20Naughton%2C%20P.%2C%20Alford%2C%20M.%20H.%2C%20Roberts%2C%20P.%20L.%20D.%2C%20%3Cstrong%3EJaffe%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20J.%20S.%2C%20DeGelleke%2C%20L.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Franks%2C%20P.%20J.%20S.%20%282019%29.%20A%20novel%20cross-shore%20transport%20mechanism%20revealed%20by%20subsurface%2C%20robotic%20larval%20mimics%3A%20Internal%20wave%20deformation%20of%20the%20background%20velocity%20field.%20%3Ci%3ELimnology%20and%20Oceanography%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2Flno.11400%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2Flno.11400%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22A%20novel%20cross-shore%20transport%20mechanism%20revealed%20by%20subsurface%2C%20robotic%20larval%20mimics%3A%20Internal%20wave%20deformation%20of%20the%20background%20velocity%20field%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Garwood%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lucas%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Naughton%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%20H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Alford%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22P.%20L.%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Roberts%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jaffe%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22DeGelleke%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22P.%20J.%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Franks%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Coastal%20physical%20processes%20are%20essential%20for%20the%20cross-shore%20transport%20of%20meroplanktonic%20larvae%20to%20their%20benthic%20adult%20habitats.%20To%20investigate%20these%20processes%2C%20we%20released%20a%20swarm%20of%20novel%2C%20trackable%2C%20subsurface%20vehicles%2C%20the%20Mini-Autonomous%20Underwater%20Explorer%20%28M-AUEs%29%2C%20which%20we%20programmed%20to%20mimic%20larval%20depth-keeping%20behavior.%20The%20M-AUE%20swarm%20measured%20a%20sudden%20net%20onshore%20transport%20of%2030-70%20m%20over%2015-20%20min%2C%20which%20we%20investigated%20in%20detail.%20Here%2C%20we%20describe%20a%20novel%20transport%20mechanism%20of%20depth-keeping%20plankton%20revealed%20by%20these%20observations.%20In%20situ%20measurements%20and%20models%20showed%20that%2C%20as%20a%20weakly%20nonlinear%20internal%20wave%20propagated%20through%20the%20swarm%2C%20it%20deformed%20surface-intensified%2C%20along-isopycnal%20background%20velocities%20downward%2C%20accelerating%20depth-keeping%20organisms%20onshore.%20These%20higher%20velocities%20increased%20both%20the%20depth-keepers%27%20residence%20time%20in%20the%20wave%20and%20total%20cross-shore%20displacement%2C%20leading%20to%20wave-induced%20transports%20twice%20those%20of%20fully%20Lagrangian%20organisms%20and%20four%20times%20those%20associated%20with%20the%20unperturbed%20background%20currents.%20Our%20analyses%20also%20show%20that%20integrating%20velocity%20time%20series%20from%20virtual%20larvae%20or%20mimics%20moving%20with%20the%20flow%20yields%20both%20larger%20and%20more%20accurate%20transport%20estimates%20than%20integrating%20velocity%20time%20series%20obtained%20at%20a%20point%20%28Eulerian%29.%20The%20increased%20cross-shore%20transport%20of%20organisms%20capable%20of%20vertical%20swimming%20in%20this%20wave%5C%2Fbackground-current%20system%20is%20mathematically%20analogous%20to%20the%20increase%20in%20onshore%20transport%20associated%20with%20horizontal%20swimming%20in%20highly%20nonlinear%20internal%20waves.%20However%2C%20the%20mechanism%20described%20here%20requires%20much%20weaker%20swimming%20speeds%20%28mm%20s%28-1%29%20vs.%20cm%20s%28-1%29%29%20to%20achieve%20significant%20onshore%20transports%2C%20and%20meroplanktonic%20larvae%20only%20need%20to%20orient%20themselves%20vertically%2C%20not%20horizontally.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222019%5C%2F12%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1002%5C%2Flno.11400%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220024-3590%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22PX424VPY%22%2C%22BZBPGKQB%22%2C%22AQ8YYSAP%22%2C%22WFTW2MTH%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-07-27T16%3A54%3A33Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22JKSYDAIL%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Lombard%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222019-04%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A4%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ELombard%2C%20F.%2C%20Boss%2C%20E.%2C%20Waite%2C%20A.%20M.%2C%20Vogt%2C%20M.%2C%20Uitz%2C%20J.%2C%20Stemmann%2C%20L.%2C%20Sosik%2C%20H.%20M.%2C%20Schulz%2C%20J.%2C%20Romagnan%2C%20J.%20B.%2C%20Picheral%2C%20M.%2C%20Pearlman%2C%20J.%2C%20Ohman%2C%20M.%20D.%2C%20Niehoff%2C%20B.%2C%20Moller%2C%20K.%20M.%2C%20Miloslavich%2C%20P.%2C%20Lara-Lpez%2C%20A.%2C%20Kudela%2C%20R.%2C%20Lopes%2C%20R.%20M.%2C%20Kiko%2C%20R.%2C%20%26%23x2026%3B%20Appeltans%2C%20W.%20%282019%29.%20Globally%20consistent%20quantitative%20observations%20of%20planktonic%20ecosystems.%20%3Ci%3EFrontiers%20in%20Marine%20Science%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E6%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.3119%5C%2Ffmars.2019.00196%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.3119%5C%2Ffmars.2019.00196%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Globally%20consistent%20quantitative%20observations%20of%20planktonic%20ecosystems%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22F.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lombard%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Boss%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Waite%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Vogt%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Uitz%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Stemmann%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22H.%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sosik%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Schulz%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Romagnan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Picheral%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pearlman%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ohman%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Niehoff%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22K.%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Moller%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Miloslavich%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lara-Lpez%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kudela%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R.%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lopes%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kiko%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Karp-Boss%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jaffe%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%20H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Iversen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20O.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Frisson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22K.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fennel%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hauss%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Guidi%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22G.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gorsky%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%20L.%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Giering%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gaube%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gallager%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22G.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dubelaar%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R.%20K.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cowen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22F.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Carlotti%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Briseno-Avena%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Berline%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22K.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Benoit-Bird%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22N.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bax%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Batten%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ayata%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22L.%20F.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Artigas%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22W.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Appeltans%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22In%20this%20paper%20we%20review%20the%20technologies%20available%20to%20make%20globally%20quantitative%20observations%20of%20particles%20in%20general-and%20plankton%20in%20particular-in%20the%20world%20oceans%2C%20and%20for%20sizes%20varying%20from%20sub-microns%20to%20centimeters.%20Some%20of%20these%20technologies%20have%20been%20available%20for%20years%20while%20others%20have%20only%20recently%20emerged.%20Use%20of%20these%20technologies%20is%20critical%20to%20improve%20understanding%20of%20the%20processes%20that%20control%20abundances%2C%20distributions%20and%20composition%20of%20plankton%2C%20provide%20data%20necessary%20to%20constrain%20and%20improve%20ecosystem%20and%20biogeochemical%20models%2C%20and%20forecast%20changes%20in%20marine%20ecosystems%20in%20light%20of%20climate%20change.%20In%20this%20paper%20we%20begin%20by%20providing%20the%20motivation%20for%20plankton%20observations%2C%20quantification%20and%20diversity%20qualification%20on%20a%20global%20scale.%20We%20then%20expand%20on%20the%20state-of-the-art%2C%20detailing%20a%20variety%20of%20relevant%20and%20%28mostly%29%20mature%20technologies%20and%20measurements%2C%20including%20bulk%20measurements%20of%20plankton%2C%20pigment%20composition%2C%20uses%20of%20genomic%2C%20optical%20and%20acoustical%20methods%20as%20well%20as%20analysis%20using%20particle%20counters%2C%20flow%20cytometers%20and%20quantitative%20imaging%20devices.%20We%20follow%20by%20highlighting%20the%20requirements%20necessary%20for%20a%20plankton%20observing%20system%2C%20the%20approach%20to%20achieve%20it%20and%20associated%20challenges.%20We%20conclude%20with%20ranked%20action-item%20recommendations%20for%20the%20next%2010%20years%20to%20move%20toward%20our%20vision%20of%20a%20holistic%20ocean-wide%20plankton%20observing%20system.%20Particularly%2C%20we%20suggest%20to%20begin%20with%20a%20demonstration%20project%20on%20a%20GO-SHIP%20line%20and%5C%2For%20a%20long-term%20observation%20site%20and%20expand%20from%20there%2C%20ensuring%20that%20issues%20associated%20with%20methods%2C%20observation%20tools%2C%20data%20analysis%2C%20quality%20assessment%20and%20curation%20are%20addressed%20early%20in%20the%20implementation.%20Global%20coordination%20is%20key%20for%20the%20success%20of%20this%20vision%20and%20will%20bring%20new%20insights%20on%20processes%20associated%20with%20nutrient%20regeneration%2C%20ocean%20production%2C%20fisheries%20and%20carbon%20sequestration.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222019%5C%2F04%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.3119%5C%2Ffmars.2019.00196%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WJTCAXQW%22%2C%22WFTW2MTH%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-08-16T20%3A50%3A09Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%223XH9G2HY%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Briseno-Avena%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222018-03%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A4%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EBriseno-Avena%2C%20C.%2C%20Franks%2C%20P.%20J.%20S.%2C%20Roberts%2C%20P.%20L.%20D.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20%3Cstrong%3EJaffe%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20J.%20S.%20%282018%29.%20A%20diverse%20group%20of%20echogenic%20particles%20observed%20with%20a%20broadband%2C%20high%20frequency%20echosounder.%20%3Ci%3EIces%20Journal%20of%20Marine%20Science%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E75%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%282%29%2C%20471%26%23x2013%3B482.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1093%5C%2Ficesjms%5C%2Ffsx171%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1093%5C%2Ficesjms%5C%2Ffsx171%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22A%20diverse%20group%20of%20echogenic%20particles%20observed%20with%20a%20broadband%2C%20high%20frequency%20echosounder%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Briseno-Avena%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22P.%20J.%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Franks%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22P.%20L.%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Roberts%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jaffe%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22In%201980%2C%20Holliday%20and%20Pieper%20stated%3A%20%5C%22Most%20sound%20scattering%20in%20the%20ocean%20volume%20can%20be%20traced%20to%20a%20biotic%20origin.%5C%22%20However%2C%20most%20of%20the%20bio-acoustics%20research%20in%20the%20past%20three%20decades%20has%20focused%20on%20only%20a%20few%20groups%20of%20organisms.%20Targets%20such%20as%20small%20gelatinous%20organisms%2C%20marine%20snow%2C%20and%20phytoplankton%2C%20e.g.%20have%20been%20generally%20to%20be%20considered%20relatively%20transparent%20to%20acoustic%20waves%20due%20to%20their%20sizes%20and%20relatively%20low%20sound%20speed%20and%20density%20contrasts%20relative%20to%20seawater.%20However%2C%20using%20a%20broadband%20system%20%28ZOOPS-O-2%29%20we%20found%20that%20these%20targets%20contributed%20significantly%20to%20acoustic%20returns%20in%20the%201.5-2.5%20MHz%20frequency%20range.%20Given%20that%20phytoplankton%20and%20marine%20snow%20layers%20are%20ubiquitous%20features%20of%20coastal%20regions%3B%20this%20works%20suggests%20that%20they%20should%20be%20considered%20as%20potential%20sources%20of%20backscatter%20in%20biological%20acoustic%20surveys.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222018%5C%2F03%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1093%5C%2Ficesjms%5C%2Ffsx171%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221054-3139%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22BZBPGKQB%22%2C%22WFTW2MTH%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-07-27T16%3A49%3A25Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22QWGQFQPW%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Naughton%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222018-03%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ENaughton%2C%20P.%2C%20Roux%2C%20P.%2C%20Schurgers%2C%20C.%2C%20Kastner%2C%20R.%2C%20%3Cstrong%3EJaffe%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20J.%20S.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Roberts%2C%20P.%20L.%20D.%20%282018%29.%20Self-localization%20of%20a%20deforming%20swarm%20of%20underwater%20vehicles%20using%20impulsive%20sound%20sources%20of%20opportunity.%20%3Ci%3EIeee%20Access%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E6%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%201635%26%23x2013%3B1646.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1109%5C%2Faccess.2017.2779835%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1109%5C%2Faccess.2017.2779835%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Self-localization%20of%20a%20deforming%20swarm%20of%20underwater%20vehicles%20using%20impulsive%20sound%20sources%20of%20opportunity%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Naughton%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Roux%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Schurgers%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kastner%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jaffe%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22P.%20L.%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Roberts%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22There%20is%20increasing%20interest%20in%20deploying%20swarms%20of%20underwater%20vehicles%20for%20marine%20surveys.%20One%20of%20the%20main%20challenges%20when%20designing%20these%20systems%20is%20coming%20up%20with%20an%20appropriate%20way%20to%20localize%20each%20vehicle%20in%20relation%20to%20one%20another.%20This%20paper%20considers%20the%20self-localization%20of%20a%20deforming%20swarm%20of%20subsurface%20floating%20vehicles%20using%20impulsive%20sources%20of%20opportunity%2C%20such%20as%20the%20sounds%20of%20snapping%20shrimp%20that%20are%20present%20in%20warm%20coastal%20waters.%20Impulsive%20sound%20sources%20provide%20high%20intensity%2C%20broadband%20signals%20that%20facilitate%20accurate%20arrival%20time%20detections%20across%20each%20vehicle.%20This%20makes%20them%20useful%20references%20for%20a%20self-localization%20solution.%20However%2C%20the%20similarity%20between%20different%20signals%20presents%20a%20significant%20correspondence%20problem%2C%20which%20must%20be%20solved%20to%20provide%20accurate%20estimates%20of%20the%20changing%20geometry%20of%20the%20swarm.%20A%20geometric%20solution%20to%20this%20correspondence%20problem%20is%20shown%20and%20an%20optimization%20procedure%20is%20proposed%20to%20track%20the%20geometry%20of%20a%20swarm%20as%20it%20changes.%20The%20method%20is%20verified%20using%20a%20swarm%20of%2017%20self-ballasting%20subsurface%20floats%20that%20independently%20drifted%20with%20currents%20off%20of%20the%20coast%20of%20San%20Diego%2C%20California.%20The%20changing%20geometry%20of%20the%20floats%20was%20estimated%20using%20both%20an%20acoustic%20localization%20system%20and%20the%20proposed%20approach.%20The%20two%20estimates%20show%20good%20agreement%2C%20validating%20our%20method.%20We%20believe%20that%20this%20new%20localization%20strategy%20is%20useful%20for%20high%20endurance%2C%20low%20power%2C%20and%20multi-vehicle%20surveys.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222018%5C%2F03%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1109%5C%2Faccess.2017.2779835%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%222169-3536%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WFTW2MTH%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-07-27T16%3A30%3A47Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%228UXLJ29G%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Jaffe%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222017-01%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3E%3Cstrong%3EJaffe%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20J.%20S.%2C%20Franks%2C%20P.%20J.%20S.%2C%20Roberts%2C%20P.%20L.%20D.%2C%20Mirza%2C%20D.%2C%20Schurgers%2C%20C.%2C%20Kastner%2C%20R.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Boch%2C%20A.%20%282017%29.%20A%20swarm%20of%20autonomous%20miniature%20underwater%20robot%20drifters%20for%20exploring%20submesoscale%20ocean%20dynamics.%20%3Ci%3ENature%20Communications%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E8%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%2014189.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1038%5C%2Fncomms14189%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1038%5C%2Fncomms14189%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22A%20swarm%20of%20autonomous%20miniature%20underwater%20robot%20drifters%20for%20exploring%20submesoscale%20ocean%20dynamics%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jules%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jaffe%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Peter%20J.%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Franks%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Paul%20L.%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Roberts%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Diba%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mirza%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Curt%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Schurgers%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ryan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kastner%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Adrien%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Boch%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Measuring%20the%20ever-changing%203-dimensional%20%283D%29%20motions%20of%20the%20ocean%20requires%20simultaneous%20sampling%20at%20multiple%20locations.%20In%20particular%2C%20sampling%20the%20complex%2C%20nonlinear%20dynamics%20associated%20with%20submesoscales%20%28%3C1%5Cu201310%5Cu2009km%29%20requires%20new%20technologies%20and%20approaches.%20Here%20we%20introduce%20the%20Mini-Autonomous%20Underwater%20Explorer%20%28M-AUE%29%2C%20deployed%20as%20a%20swarm%20of%2016%20independent%20vehicles%20whose%203D%20trajectories%20are%20measured%20near-continuously%2C%20underwater.%20As%20the%20vehicles%20drift%20with%20the%20ambient%20flow%20or%20execute%20preprogrammed%20vertical%20behaviours%2C%20the%20simultaneous%20measurements%20at%20multiple%2C%20known%20locations%20resolve%20the%20details%20of%20the%20flow%20within%20the%20swarm.%20We%20describe%20the%20design%2C%20construction%2C%20control%20and%20underwater%20navigation%20of%20the%20M-AUE.%20A%20field%20programme%20in%20the%20coastal%20ocean%20using%20a%20swarm%20of%20these%20robots%20programmed%20with%20a%20depth-holding%20behaviour%20provides%20a%20unique%20test%20of%20a%20physical%5Cu2013biological%20interaction%20leading%20to%20plankton%20patch%20formation%20in%20internal%20waves.%20The%20performance%20of%20the%20M-AUE%20vehicles%20illustrates%20their%20novel%20capability%20for%20measuring%20submesoscale%20dynamics.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222017%5C%2F01%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1038%5C%2Fncomms14189%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22BZBPGKQB%22%2C%22WFTW2MTH%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-04-10T22%3A52%3A08Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22CPWEGTG6%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Naughton%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222016-12%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ENaughton%2C%20P.%2C%20Roux%2C%20P.%2C%20Yeakle%2C%20R.%2C%20Schurgers%2C%20C.%2C%20Kastner%2C%20R.%2C%20%3Cstrong%3EJaffe%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20J.%20S.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Roberts%2C%20P.%20L.%20D.%20%282016%29.%20Ambient%20noise%20correlations%20on%20a%20mobile%2C%20deformable%20array.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20the%20Acoustical%20Society%20of%20America%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E140%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%286%29%2C%204260%26%23x2013%3B4270.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1121%5C%2F1.4971172%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1121%5C%2F1.4971172%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Ambient%20noise%20correlations%20on%20a%20mobile%2C%20deformable%20array%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Naughton%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Roux%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Yeakle%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Schurgers%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kastner%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jaffe%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22P.%20L.%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Roberts%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22This%20paper%20presents%20a%20demonstration%20of%20ambient%20acoustic%20noise%20processing%20on%20a%20set%20of%20free%20floating%20oceanic%20receivers%20whose%20relative%20positions%20vary%20with%20time.%20It%20is%20shown%20that%20it%20is%20possible%20to%20retrieve%20information%20that%20is%20relevant%20to%20the%20travel%20time%20between%20the%20receivers.%20With%20thousands%20of%20short%20time%20cross-correlations%20%2810%20s%29%20of%20varying%20distance%2C%20it%20is%20shown%20that%20on%20average%2C%20the%20decrease%20in%20amplitude%20of%20the%20noise%20correlation%20function%20with%20increased%20separation%20follows%20a%20power%20law.%20This%20suggests%20that%20there%20may%20be%20amplitude%20information%20that%20is%20embedded%20in%20the%20noise%20correlation%20function.%20An%20incoherent%20beamformer%20is%20developed%2C%20which%20shows%20that%20it%20is%20possible%20to%20determine%20a%20source%20direction%20using%20an%20array%20with%20moving%20elements%20and%20large%20element%20separation.%20This%20incoherent%20beamformer%20is%20used%20to%20verify%20cases%20when%20the%20distribution%20of%20noise%20sources%20in%20the%20ocean%20allows%20one%20to%20recover%20travel%20time%20information%20between%20pairs%20of%20mobile%20receivers.%20%28C%29%202016%20Acoustical%20Society%20of%20America.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222016%5C%2F12%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1121%5C%2F1.4971172%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220001-4966%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WFTW2MTH%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-07-27T16%3A30%3A43Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22KL6SAYM3%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Liao%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222016-11%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ELiao%2C%20R.%2C%20Roberts%2C%20P.%20L.%20D.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20%3Cstrong%3EJaffe%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20J.%20S.%20%282016%29.%20Sizing%20submicron%20particles%20from%20optical%20scattering%20data%20collected%20with%20oblique%20incidence%20illumination.%20%3Ci%3EApplied%20Optics%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E55%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2833%29%2C%209440%26%23x2013%3B9449.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1364%5C%2Fao.55.009440%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1364%5C%2Fao.55.009440%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Sizing%20submicron%20particles%20from%20optical%20scattering%20data%20collected%20with%20oblique%20incidence%20illumination%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Liao%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22P.%20L.%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Roberts%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jaffe%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22As%20submicron%20particles%20play%20an%20important%20role%20in%20a%20variety%20of%20ecosystems%20that%20include%20aqueous%2C%20terrestrial%2C%20and%20atmospheric%2C%20a%20measurement%20system%20to%20quantify%20them%20is%20highly%20desirable.%20In%20pursuit%20of%20formulating%20and%20fabricating%20a%20system%20to%20size%20them%20using%20visible%20light%2C%20a%20system%20that%20collects%20multi-directional%20scattered%20light%20from%20individual%20particles%20is%20proposed.%20A%20prototype%20of%20the%20system%20was%20simulated%2C%20built%2C%20and%20tested%20via%20calibration%20with%20a%20set%20of%20polystyrene%20spheres%20in%20water%20with%20known%20sizes.%20Results%20indicate%20that%20the%20system%20can%20accurately%20resolve%20the%20size%20of%20these%20particles%20in%20the%200.1%20to%200.8%20mu%20m%20range.%20The%20system%20incorporates%20a%20design%20that%20uses%20oblique%20illumination%20to%20collect%20scattered%20light%20over%20a%20large%20range%20of%20both%20forward%20and%20backward%20scatter%20angles.%20This%20is%20then%20followed%20by%20the%20calculation%20of%20a%20ratio%20of%20forward%20to%20backscattered%20light%2C%20integrated%20over%20a%20suitably%20defined%20range.%20The%20monotonic%20dependence%20of%20this%20ratio%20upon%20particle%20size%20leads%20to%20an%20accurate%20estimate%20of%20particle%20size.%20The%20method%20was%20explored%20first%2C%20using%20simulations%2C%20and%20followed%20with%20a%20working%20version.%20The%20sensitivity%20of%20the%20method%20to%20a%20range%20of%20relative%20refractive%20index%20was%20tested%20using%20simulations.%20The%20results%20indicate%20that%20the%20technique%20is%20relatively%20insensitive%20to%20this%20parameter%20and%20thus%20of%20potential%20use%20in%20the%20analysis%20of%20particles%20from%20a%20variety%20of%20ecosystems.%20The%20paper%20concludes%20with%20a%20discussion%20of%20a%20variety%20of%20pragmatic%20issues%2C%20including%20the%20required%20dynamic%20range%20as%20well%20as%20further%20research%20needed%20with%20environmentally%20relevant%20specimens%20to%20create%20a%20pragmatic%20instrument.%20%28C%29%202016%20Optical%20Society%20of%20America%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222016%5C%2F11%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1364%5C%2Fao.55.009440%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221559-128X%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WFTW2MTH%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-07-27T16%3A30%3A48Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22EUXR7WY8%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Mullen%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222016-07%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A4%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EMullen%2C%20A.%20D.%2C%20Treibitz%2C%20T.%2C%20Roberts%2C%20P.%20L.%20D.%2C%20Kelly%2C%20E.%20L.%20A.%2C%20Horwitz%2C%20R.%2C%20Smith%2C%20J.%20E.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20%3Cstrong%3EJaffe%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20J.%20S.%20%282016%29.%20Underwater%20microscopy%20for%20in%20situ%20studies%20of%20benthic%20ecosystems.%20%3Ci%3ENature%20Communications%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E7%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1038%5C%2Fncomms12093%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1038%5C%2Fncomms12093%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Underwater%20microscopy%20for%20in%20situ%20studies%20of%20benthic%20ecosystems%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Andrew%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mullen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tali%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Treibitz%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Paul%20L.%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Roberts%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Emily%20L.%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kelly%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Rael%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Horwitz%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jennifer%20E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Smith%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jules%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jaffe%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Microscopic-scale%20processes%20significantly%20influence%20benthic%20marine%20ecosystems%20such%20as%20coral%20reefs%20and%20kelp%20forests.%20Due%20to%20the%20ocean%5C%2F%27s%20complex%20and%20dynamic%20nature%2C%20it%20is%20most%20informative%20to%20study%20these%20processes%20in%20the%20natural%20environment%20yet%20it%20is%20inherently%20difficult.%20Here%20we%20present%20a%20system%20capable%20of%20non-invasively%20imaging%20seafloor%20environments%20and%20organisms%20in%20situ%20at%20nearly%20micrometre%20resolution.%20We%20overcome%20the%20challenges%20of%20underwater%20microscopy%20through%20the%20use%20of%20a%20long%20working%20distance%20microscopic%20objective%2C%20an%20electrically%20tunable%20lens%20and%20focused%20reflectance%20illumination.%20The%20diver-deployed%20instrument%20permits%20studies%20of%20both%20spatial%20and%20temporal%20processes%20such%20as%20the%20algal%20colonization%20and%20overgrowth%20of%20bleaching%20corals%2C%20as%20well%20as%20coral%20polyp%20behaviour%20and%20interspecific%20competition.%20By%20enabling%20in%20situ%20observations%20at%20previously%20unattainable%20scales%2C%20this%20instrument%20can%20provide%20important%20new%20insights%20into%20micro-scale%20processes%20in%20benthic%20ecosystems%20that%20shape%20observed%20patterns%20at%20much%20larger%20scales.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222016%5C%2F07%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1038%5C%2Fncomms12093%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22ILB9GX3G%22%2C%22WFTW2MTH%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-05-03T22%3A56%3A34Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%226KX5WGQ2%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Yi%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222015-11%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EYi%2C%20J.%20W.%2C%20Mirza%2C%20D.%2C%20Kastner%2C%20R.%2C%20Schurgers%2C%20C.%2C%20Roberts%2C%20P.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20%3Cstrong%3EJaffe%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20J.%20%282015%29.%20ToA-TS%3A%20Time%20of%20arrival%20based%20joint%20time%20synchronization%20and%20tracking%20for%20mobile%20underwater%20systems.%20%3Ci%3EAd%20Hoc%20Networks%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E34%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20211%26%23x2013%3B223.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.adhoc.2014.10.010%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.adhoc.2014.10.010%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22ToA-TS%3A%20Time%20of%20arrival%20based%20joint%20time%20synchronization%20and%20tracking%20for%20mobile%20underwater%20systems%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20W.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Yi%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mirza%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kastner%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Schurgers%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Roberts%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jaffe%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Time%20synchronization%20and%20localization%20are%20key%20requirements%20for%20distributed%20underwater%20systems%20consisting%20of%20numerous%20low-cost%20submersibles.%20In%20these%20systems%2C%20submersibles%20are%20highly%20resource%20constrained%20and%20typically%20have%20limited%20acoustic%20communication%20capability.%20We%20investigate%20the%20problem%20of%20tracking%20submersibles%20that%20only%20have%20the%20capability%20of%20receiving%20acoustic%20signals.%20Traditional%20Long%20Base%20Line%20%28LBL%29%20systems%20track%20the%20location%20of%20submersibles%20by%20providing%20a%20GPS-like%20infrastructure%20that%20consists%20of%20a%20few%20reference%20beacons%20at%20known%20locations.%20In%20these%20systems%20the%20unknown%20positions%20of%20submersibles%20are%20estimated%20from%20beacon%20transmissions%20using%20time-difference-of-arrival%20%28TDoA%29%20based%20localization.%20As%20such%20TDoA%20makes%20the%20key%20assumption%20that%20beacon%20transmissions%20occur%20nearly%20concurrently%20in%20time.%20While%20this%20assumption%20is%20ensured%20in%20small%20LBL%20deployments%20it%20does%20not%20hold%20as%20the%20size%20of%20the%20system%20scales%20up.%20In%20this%20paper%20we%20identify%20scenarios%20where%20signals%20from%20multiple%20beacons%20are%20significantly%20lagged%20in%20time.%20We%20further%20identify%20the%20motion%20of%20the%20submersible%20between%20signal%20arrivals%20as%20a%20key%20factor%20that%20deteriorates%20the%20performance%20of%20TDoA%2C%20when%20transmissions%20are%20not%20concurrent.%20To%20address%20this%20problem%20we%20propose%20to%20track%20the%20submersible%20while%20performing%20time-synchronization.%20Our%20proposed%20technique%2C%20called%20Time%20of%20Arrival%20based%20Tracked%20Synchronization%20%28ToA-TS%29%20essentially%20extends%20GPS%20like%20localization%20for%20scenarios%20where%20beacon%20transmissions%20are%20not%20concurrent%20and%20submersibles%20are%20not%20capable%20of%20two-way%20communication.%20We%20show%20the%20benefit%20of%20our%20proposed%20scheme%20by%20comparing%20its%20performance%20to%20other%20localization%20techniques%20using%20experimentally%20obtained%20data.%20%28C%29%202014%20Elsevier%20B.V.%20All%20rights%20reserved.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222015%5C%2F11%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.adhoc.2014.10.010%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221570-8705%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WFTW2MTH%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-07-27T16%3A30%3A48Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22ANRXLT6M%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Pepper%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222015-10%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EPepper%2C%20R.%20E.%2C%20%3Cstrong%3EJaffe%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20J.%20S.%2C%20Variano%2C%20E.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Koehl%2C%20M.%20A.%20R.%20%282015%29.%20Zooplankton%20in%20flowing%20water%20near%20benthic%20communities%20encounter%20rapidly%20fluctuating%20velocity%20gradients%20and%20accelerations.%20%3Ci%3EMarine%20Biology%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E162%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2810%29%2C%201939%26%23x2013%3B1954.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2Fs00227-015-2713-x%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2Fs00227-015-2713-x%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Zooplankton%20in%20flowing%20water%20near%20benthic%20communities%20encounter%20rapidly%20fluctuating%20velocity%20gradients%20and%20accelerations%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R.%20E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pepper%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jaffe%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Variano%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%20A.%20R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Koehl%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20fine-scale%20temporal%20patterns%20of%20water%20velocities%2C%20accelerations%2C%20and%20velocity%20gradients%20encountered%20by%20individual%20zooplankters%20carried%20in%20ambient%20flow%20can%20affect%20their%20dispersal%2C%20behavior%2C%20and%20interaction%20with%20other%20organisms%2C%20but%20have%20not%20yet%20been%20measured%20in%20realistic%20flow%20environments.%20We%20focused%20on%20zooplankton%20in%20wavy%20turbulent%20boundary%20layer%20flow%20near%20benthic%20communities%20because%20such%20flow%20affects%20important%20processes%2C%20including%20larval%20settlement%20and%20prey%20capture%20by%20benthic%20zooplanktivores.%20Flow%20across%20fouling%20communities%20measured%20in%20the%20field%20was%20mimicked%20in%20a%20wave%20flume%2C%20where%20time-varying%20velocity%20fields%20over%20biofouled%20surfaces%20were%20quantified%20using%20particle%20image%20velocimetry%20%28PIV%29.%20Trajectories%20of%20simulated%20zooplankters%20seeded%20into%20these%20flow%20fields%20were%20followed%20to%20quantify%20temporal%20patterns%20of%20velocity%20gradients%20and%20accelerations%20that%20individuals%20encountered.%20We%20found%20that%20such%20zooplankters%20are%20not%20subjected%20to%20steady%20velocities%20or%20velocity%20gradients%2C%20but%20rather%20encounter%20rapidly%20fluctuating%20accelerations%20and%20velocity%20gradients%20with%20peaks%20reaching%20several%20orders%20of%20magnitude%20above%20mean%20values%20and%20lasting%20fractions%20of%20a%20second%2C%20much%20shorter%20than%20the%20wave%20period.%20We%20calculated%20the%20proportion%20of%20time%20zooplankters%20spent%20affected%20%28e.g.%2C%20being%20damaged%2C%20changing%20behavior%29%20by%20accelerations%20or%20velocity%20gradients%20and%20found%20that%20a%20small%20increase%20in%20mean%20velocity%20can%20cause%20a%20much%20larger%20increase%20in%20time%20affected.%20Animal%20reaction%20threshold%20and%20reaction%20time%20also%20changed%20the%20fraction%20of%20time%20they%20were%20affected%20by%20the%20flow.%20Using%20different%20PIV%20spatial%20resolutions%20showed%20that%20inter-vector%20spacing%20should%20be%20a%20parts%20per%20thousand%20currency%20sign0.5%20Kolmogorov%20length%20%28smallest%20eddy%20scale%29%20to%20accurately%20capture%20velocity%20gradients%20along%20trajectories%2C%20but%20coarser%20resolutions%20%28a%20parts%20per%20thousand%20currency%20sign2-6%20x%20Kolmogorov%20length%29%20are%20sufficient%20for%20velocities%2C%20accelerations%2C%20and%20zooplankton%20trajectories.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222015%5C%2F10%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1007%5C%2Fs00227-015-2713-x%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220025-3162%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WFTW2MTH%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-07-27T16%3A30%3A49Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22DPV3EQGF%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Taniguchi%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222015-10%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ETaniguchi%2C%20D.%20A.%20A.%2C%20Gagnon%2C%20Y.%2C%20Wheeler%2C%20B.%20R.%2C%20Johnsen%2C%20S.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20%3Cstrong%3EJaffe%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20J.%20S.%20%282015%29.%20Cuttlefish%20Sepia%20officinalis%20preferentially%20respond%20to%20bottom%20rather%20than%20side%20stimuli%20when%20not%20allowed%20adjacent%20to%20tank%20walls.%20%3Ci%3EPLOS%20ONE%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E10%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2810%29.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1371%5C%2Fjournal.pone.0138690%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1371%5C%2Fjournal.pone.0138690%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Cuttlefish%20Sepia%20officinalis%20preferentially%20respond%20to%20bottom%20rather%20than%20side%20stimuli%20when%20not%20allowed%20adjacent%20to%20tank%20walls%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22D.%20A.%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Taniguchi%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Y.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gagnon%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22B.%20R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wheeler%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Johnsen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jaffe%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Cuttlefish%20are%20cephalopods%20capable%20of%20rapid%20camouflage%20responses%20to%20visual%20stimuli.%20However%2C%20it%20is%20not%20always%20clear%20to%20what%20these%20animals%20are%20responding.%20Previous%20studies%20have%20found%20cuttlefish%20to%20be%20more%20responsive%20to%20lateral%20stimuli%20rather%20than%20substrate.%20However%2C%20in%20previous%20works%2C%20the%20cuttlefish%20were%20allowed%20to%20settle%20next%20to%20the%20lateral%20stimuli.%20In%20this%20study%2C%20we%20examine%20whether%20juvenile%20cuttlefish%20%28Sepia%20officinalis%29%20respond%20more%20strongly%20to%20visual%20stimuli%20seen%20on%20the%20sides%20versus%20the%20bottom%20of%20an%20experimental%20aquarium%2C%20specifically%20when%20the%20animals%20are%20not%20allowed%20to%20be%20adjacent%20to%20the%20tank%20walls.%20We%20used%20the%20Sub%20Sea%20Holodeck%2C%20a%20novel%20aquarium%20that%20employs%20plasma%20display%20screens%20to%20create%20a%20variety%20of%20artificial%20visual%20environments%20without%20disturbing%20the%20animals.%20Once%20the%20cuttlefish%20were%20acclimated%2C%20we%20compared%20the%20variability%20of%20camouflage%20patterns%20that%20were%20elicited%20from%20displaying%20various%20stimuli%20on%20the%20bottom%20versus%20the%20sides%20of%20the%20Holodeck.%20To%20characterize%20the%20camouflage%20patterns%2C%20we%20classified%20them%20in%20terms%20of%20uniform%2C%20disruptive%2C%20and%20mottled%20patterning.%20The%20elicited%20camouflage%20patterns%20from%20different%20bottom%20stimuli%20were%20more%20variable%20than%20those%20elicited%20by%20different%20side%20stimuli%2C%20suggesting%20that%20S.%20officinalis%20responds%20more%20strongly%20to%20the%20patterns%20displayed%20on%20the%20bottom%20than%20the%20sides%20of%20the%20tank.%20We%20argue%20that%20the%20cuttlefish%20pay%20more%20attention%20to%20the%20bottom%20of%20the%20Holodeck%20because%20it%20is%20closer%20and%20thus%20more%20relevant%20for%20camouflage.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222015%5C%2F10%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1371%5C%2Fjournal.pone.0138690%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221932-6203%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WFTW2MTH%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-07-27T16%3A30%3A45Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22YS9F8IYP%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Jaffe%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222015-07%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3E%3Cstrong%3EJaffe%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20J.%20S.%20%282015%29.%20Underwater%20optical%20imaging%3A%20The%20past%2C%20the%20present%2C%20and%20the%20prospects.%20%3Ci%3EIeee%20Journal%20of%20Oceanic%20Engineering%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E40%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%283%29%2C%20683%26%23x2013%3B700.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1109%5C%2Fjoe.2014.2350751%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1109%5C%2Fjoe.2014.2350751%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Underwater%20optical%20imaging%3A%20The%20past%2C%20the%20present%2C%20and%20the%20prospects%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jaffe%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22This%20paper%20discusses%20the%20current%20state%20of%20underwater%20optical%20imaging%20in%20the%20context%20of%20physics%2C%20technology%2C%20biology%2C%20and%20history.%20The%20paper%20encompasses%20not%20only%20the%20history%20of%20human%27s%20ability%20to%20see%20underwater%2C%20but%20also%20the%20adaptations%20that%20various%20organisms%20living%20in%20oceans%20or%20lakes%20have%20developed.%20The%20continued%20development%20of%20underwater%20imaging%20systems%20at%20military%2C%20commercial%2C%20and%20consumer%20levels%20portends%20well%20for%20both%20increased%20visibility%20and%20accessibility%20by%20these%20various%20segments.%20However%2C%20the%20fundamental%20limits%20imposed%20by%20the%20environment%2C%20as%20currently%20understood%2C%20set%20the%20ultimate%20constraints.%20Physics%2C%20biology%2C%20computer%20modeling%2C%20processing%2C%20and%20the%20development%20of%20technology%20that%20ranges%20from%20simple%20cameras%20and%20lights%20to%20more%20advanced%20gated%20and%20modulated%20illumination%20are%20described.%20The%20future%20prospects%20for%20continuing%20advancements%20are%20also%20discussed.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222015%5C%2F07%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1109%5C%2Fjoe.2014.2350751%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220364-9059%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WFTW2MTH%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-07-27T16%3A30%3A49Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%227GXYYEG8%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Brise%5Cu00f1o-Avena%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222015-05%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EBrise%26%23xF1%3Bo-Avena%2C%20C.%2C%20Roberts%2C%20P.%20L.%20D.%2C%20Franks%2C%20P.%20J.%20S.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20%3Cstrong%3EJaffe%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20J.%20S.%20%282015%29.%20ZOOPS-O2%3A%20A%20broadband%20echosounder%20with%20coordinated%20stereo%20optical%20imaging%20for%20observing%20plankton%20in%20situ.%20%3Ci%3EMethods%20in%20Oceanography%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E12%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%28Supplement%20C%29%2C%2036%26%23x2013%3B54.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.mio.2015.07.001%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.mio.2015.07.001%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22ZOOPS-O2%3A%20A%20broadband%20echosounder%20with%20coordinated%20stereo%20optical%20imaging%20for%20observing%20plankton%20in%20situ%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Christian%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Brise%5Cu00f1o-Avena%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Paul%20L.%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Roberts%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Peter%20J.%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Franks%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jules%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jaffe%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Here%20we%20describe%20the%20configuration%2C%20calibration%2C%20and%20initial%20results%20from%20the%20combination%20of%20two%20recently%20developed%20underwater%20instruments%20that%20measure%20acoustic%20reflectivity%20and%2C%20simultaneously%2C%20the%20location%2C%20pose%20and%20size%20of%20millimeter-sized%20plankton%20relative%20to%20the%20sonar%20beam.%20The%20acoustic%20system%2C%20ZOOPS%20%28ZOOPlankton%20Sonar%29%2C%20uses%20a%20broadband%20chirp%20signal%20that%20operates%20with%20a%20single%20monostatically%20configured%20transducer%20in%20the%201.5%5Cu20132.5%20MHz%20frequency%20range.%20We%20demonstrate%20that%20the%20system%20can%20record%2C%20with%20adequate%20signal-to-noise%20levels%2C%20identifiable%20reflections%20from%20single%20copepods%20with%20lengths%20as%20small%20as%20360%20%5Cu03bcm.%20To%20simultaneously%20identify%20taxa%20and%20measure%20orientation%2C%20a%20pair%20of%20%5Cu201cO-Cam%5Cu201d%20microscopes%20were%20stereoscopically%20calibrated%20and%20geometrically%20co-registered%20with%20the%20orientation%20and%20range-resolved%20acoustic%20transmissions%20of%20the%20sonar%20beam.%20The%20system%5Cu2019s%20capability%20is%20demonstrated%20via%20the%20in%20situ%20measurement%20of%20acoustic%20reflectivity%20as%20a%20function%20of%20orientation%20for%20224%20individual%20pelagic%20copepods%20comprising%20three%20orders%20of%20free-living%20taxa.%20Comparison%20with%20a%20well-known%20model%2C%20the%20Distorted%20Wave%20Born%20Approximation%20%28DWBA%29%2C%20using%20a%20spheroidal%20formulation%2C%20yields%20both%20differences%20and%20similarities%20between%20the%20in%20situ%20field%20data%20and%20the%20model%5Cu2019s%20predictions.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222015%5C%2F05%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.mio.2015.07.001%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%222211-1220%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22BZBPGKQB%22%2C%22WFTW2MTH%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-04-15T17%3A23%3A45Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22WTDLW7CH%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Haag%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222014-12%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A3%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EHaag%2C%20J.%20M.%2C%20Roberts%2C%20P.%20L.%20D.%2C%20Papen%2C%20G.%20C.%2C%20%3Cstrong%3EJaffe%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20J.%20S.%2C%20Li%2C%20L.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Stramski%2C%20D.%20%282014%29.%20Deep-sea%20low-light%20radiometer%20system.%20%3Ci%3EOptics%20Express%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E22%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2824%29%2C%2030074%26%23x2013%3B30091.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1364%5C%2FOE.22.030074%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1364%5C%2FOE.22.030074%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Deep-sea%20low-light%20radiometer%20system%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Justin%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Haag%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Paul%20L.%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Roberts%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22George%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Papen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jules%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jaffe%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Linhai%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Li%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Dariusz%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Stramski%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Two%20single-waveband%20low-light%20radiometers%20were%20developed%20to%20characterize%20properties%20of%20the%20underwater%20light%20field%20relevant%20to%20biological%20camouflage%20at%20mesopelagic%20ocean%20depths.%20Phenomena%20of%20interest%20were%20vertical%20changes%20in%20downward%20irradiance%20of%20ambient%20light%20at%20wavelengths%20near%20470%20nm%20and%20560%20nm%2C%20and%20flashes%20from%20bioluminescent%20organisms.%20Depth%20profiles%20were%20acquired%20at%20multiple%20deep%20stations%20in%20different%20geographic%20regions.%20Results%20indicate%20significant%20irradiance%20magnitudes%20at%20560%20nm%2C%20providing%20direct%20evidence%20of%20energy%20transfer%20as%20described%20by%20Raman%20scattering.%20Analysis%20of%20a%20night%20profile%20yielded%20multiple%20examples%20of%20bioluminescent%20flashes.%20The%20selection%20of%20high-sensitivity%2C%20high-speed%20silicon%20photomultipliers%20as%20detectors%20enabled%20measurement%20of%20spectrally-resolved%20irradiance%20to%20greater%20than%20400%20m%20depth.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222014%5C%2F12%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1364%5C%2FOE.22.030074%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WFTW2MTH%22%2C%22DJ7L4LM5%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-04-29T22%3A44%3A44Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%2262JPTSU9%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Berdalet%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222014-03%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A4%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EBerdalet%2C%20E.%2C%20McManus%2C%20M.%20A.%2C%20Ross%2C%20O.%20N.%2C%20Burchard%2C%20H.%2C%20Chavez%2C%20F.%20P.%2C%20%3Cstrong%3EJaffe%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20J.%20S.%2C%20Jenkinson%2C%20I.%20R.%2C%20Kudela%2C%20R.%2C%20Lips%2C%20I.%2C%20Lips%2C%20U.%2C%20Lucas%2C%20A.%2C%20Rivas%2C%20D.%2C%20Ruiz-de%20la%20Torre%2C%20M.%20C.%2C%20Ryan%2C%20J.%2C%20Sullivan%2C%20J.%20M.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Yamazaki%2C%20H.%20%282014%29.%20Understanding%20harmful%20algae%20in%20stratified%20systems%3A%20Review%20of%20progress%20and%20future%20directions.%20%3Ci%3EDeep-Sea%20Research%20Part%20Ii-Topical%20Studies%20in%20Oceanography%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E101%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%204%26%23x2013%3B20.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.dsr2.2013.09.042%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.dsr2.2013.09.042%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Understanding%20harmful%20algae%20in%20stratified%20systems%3A%20Review%20of%20progress%20and%20future%20directions%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Berdalet%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22McManus%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22O.%20N.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ross%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Burchard%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22F.%20P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chavez%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jaffe%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22I.%20R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jenkinson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kudela%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22I.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lips%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22U.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lips%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lucas%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rivas%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ruiz-de%20la%20Torre%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ryan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sullivan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Yamazaki%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20Global%20Ecology%20and%20Oceanography%20of%20Harmful%20Algal%20Blooms%20%28GEOHAB%29%20program%20of%20the%20Scientific%20Committee%20on%20Oceanic%20Research%20%28SCOR%29%20and%20the%20Intergovernmental%20Oceanographic%20Commission%20%28IOC%29%20of%20UNESCO%2C%20was%20created%20in%201999%20to%20foster%20research%20on%20the%20ecological%20and%20oceanographic%20mechanisms%20underlying%20the%20population%20dynamics%20of%20harmful%20algal%20blooms%20%28HABs%29.%20The%20ultimate%20goal%20of%20this%20research%20is%20to%20develop%20observational%20systems%20and%20models%20that%20will%20eventually%20enable%20the%20prediction%20of%20HABs%20and%20thereby%20minimize%20their%20impact%20on%20marine%20ecosystems%2C%20human%20health%20and%20economic%20activities.%20In%20August%20of%202012%2C%20a%20workshop%20was%20held%20under%20the%20umbrella%20of%20the%20GEOHAB%20program%20at%20the%20Monterey%20Bay%20Aquarium%20Research%20Institute%20%28MBARI%29.%20The%20over%20arching%20goal%20of%20this%20workshop%20was%20to%20review%20the%20current%20understanding%20of%20the%20processes%20governing%20the%20structure%20and%20dynamics%20of%20HABs%20in%20stratified%20systems%2C%20and%20to%20identify%20how%20best%20to%20couple%20physical%5C%2Fchemical%20and%20biological%20measurements%20at%20appropriate%20spatial%20and%20temporal%20scales%20to%20quantify%20the%20dynamics%20of%20HABs%20in%20these%20systems%2C%20paying%20particular%20attention%20to%20thin%20layers.%20This%20contribution%20provides%20a%20review%20of%20recent%20progress%20in%20the%20field%20of%20HAB%20research%20in%20stratified%20systems%20including%20thin%20layers%2C%20and%20identifies%20the%20gaps%20in%20knowledge%20that%20our%20scientific%20community%20should%20strive%20to%20understand%20in%20the%20next%20decade.%20%28C%29%202013%20Elsevier%20Ltd.%20All%20rights%20reserved.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222014%5C%2F03%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.dsr2.2013.09.042%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220967-0645%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22AQ8YYSAP%22%2C%22WFTW2MTH%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222025-03-07T18%3A14%3A15Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22M3RDUKNQ%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Haag%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222013-02%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EHaag%2C%20J.%20M.%2C%20%3Cstrong%3EJaffe%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20J.%20S.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Sweeney%2C%20A.%20M.%20%282013%29.%20Measurement%20system%20for%20marine%20animal%20reflectance%20functions.%20%3Ci%3EOpt.%20Express%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E21%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%283%29%2C%203603%26%23x2013%3B3616.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1364%5C%2FOE.21.003603%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1364%5C%2FOE.21.003603%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Measurement%20system%20for%20marine%20animal%20reflectance%20functions%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Justin%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Haag%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jules%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jaffe%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Alison%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sweeney%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Photonic%20structures%20in%20the%20skin%20of%20pelagic%20fishes%20and%20squids%20evolved%20specifically%20for%20hiding%20in%20the%20complex%20light%20field%20of%20the%20open%20ocean.%20To%20understand%20the%20principles%20under%20which%20these%20structures%20operate%2C%20a%20detailed%20characterization%20of%20their%20optical%20properties%20is%20required.%20An%20optical%20scatterometer%20has%20been%20developed%20to%20measure%20one%20important%20property%2C%20the%20bidirectional%20reflectance%20distribution%20function%20%28BRDF%29.%20The%20instrument%20was%20used%20to%20collect%20reflectance%20functions%20from%20the%20squid%20Pterygioteuthis%20microlampas%20and%20fish%20Sternoptyx%20sp.%20Although%20the%20animals%20appear%20very%20different%20to%20a%20casual%20observer%2C%20the%20results%20reveal%20interesting%20similarities%20in%20their%20scattering%20patterns%2C%20suggesting%20a%20similar%20optical%20strategy%20for%20hiding%20in%20open%20water.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222013%5C%2F02%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1364%5C%2FOE.21.003603%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WFTW2MTH%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-07-27T16%3A30%3A46Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22UAPQ5KQ5%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Roberts%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222011-10%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ERoberts%2C%20P.%20L.%20D.%2C%20Steinbuck%2C%20J.%20V.%2C%20%3Cstrong%3EJaffe%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20J.%20S.%2C%20Horner-Devine%2C%20A.%20R.%2C%20Franks%2C%20P.%20J.%20S.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Simonet%2C%20F.%20%282011%29.%20Estimation%20of%20in%20situ%203-D%20particle%20distributions%20from%20a%20stereo%20laser%20imaging%20profiler.%20%3Ci%3EIeee%20Journal%20of%20Oceanic%20Engineering%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E36%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%284%29%2C%20586%26%23x2013%3B601.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1109%5C%2Fjoe.2011.2165923%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1109%5C%2Fjoe.2011.2165923%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Estimation%20of%20in%20situ%203-D%20particle%20distributions%20from%20a%20stereo%20laser%20imaging%20profiler%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22P.%20L.%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Roberts%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20V.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Steinbuck%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jaffe%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Horner-Devine%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22P.%20J.%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Franks%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22F.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Simonet%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22In%20this%20paper%2C%20an%20image%20processing%20system%20for%20estimating%203-D%20particle%20distributions%20from%20stereo%20light%20scatter%20images%20is%20described.%20The%20system%20incorporates%20measured%2C%20three-component%20velocity%20data%20to%20mitigate%20particle%20blur%20associated%20with%20instrument%20motion.%20An%20iterative%20background%20estimation%20algorithm%20yields%20a%20local%20threshold%20operator%20that%20dramatically%20reduces%20bias%20in%20particle%20counts%20over%20the%20full%20image%20field.%20Algorithms%20are%20tested%20on%20simulated%20particle%20distributions%20and%20data%20from%20an%20open-ocean%20profile%20collected%20near%20the%20Santa%20Barbara%20Channel%20Islands%2C%20CA.%20They%20yield%20over%20a%2050%25%20reduction%20in%20root-mean-squared%20error%20in%20particle%20size%20estimates%2C%20and%20a%2030%25%20reduction%20in%20the%20magnitude%20of%20the%20motion%20blur%20point%20spread%20function.%20In%20situ%20particle%20distributions%20are%20estimated%20and%20compared%20to%20several%20models.%20It%20is%20demonstrated%20that%20quantitative%2C%203-D%20particle%20distributions%20can%20be%20accurately%20estimated%20from%20these%20data%20for%20particles%20with%20diameter%20larger%20than%204%20pixels%20%280.8%20mm%29.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22Oct%202011%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22English%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1109%5C%2Fjoe.2011.2165923%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220364-9059%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WFTW2MTH%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-07-27T16%3A30%3A45Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22CB7EKZYV%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Jaffe%20and%20Roberts%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222011-09%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3E%3Cstrong%3EJaffe%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20J.%20S.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Roberts%2C%20P.%20L.%20D.%20%282011%29.%20Acoustic%20reflections%20on%20marine%20populations.%20%3Ci%3EPhysics%20Today%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E64%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%289%29%2C%2076%26%23x2013%3B77.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1063%5C%2FPT.3.1260%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1063%5C%2FPT.3.1260%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Acoustic%20reflections%20on%20marine%20populations%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jaffe%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22P.%20L.%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Roberts%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Armed%20with%20a%20simple%20diffraction-based%20model%2C%20an%20acoustic%20oceanographer%20can%20bounce%20sound%20off%20marine%20animals%20to%20learn%20important%20information%20about%20their%20size%20and%20orientation.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22Sep%202011%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22English%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1063%5C%2FPT.3.1260%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220031-9228%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WFTW2MTH%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-07-27T16%3A30%3A43Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22QRTVQYSU%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Prairie%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222011-04-01%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EPrairie%2C%20J.%20C.%2C%20Franks%2C%20P.%20J.%20S.%2C%20%3Cstrong%3EJaffe%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20J.%20S.%2C%20Doubell%2C%20M.%20J.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Yamazaki%2C%20H.%20%282011%29.%20Physical%20and%20biological%20controls%20of%20vertical%20gradients%20in%20phytoplankton.%20%3Ci%3ELimnology%20%26amp%3B%20Oceanography%3A%20Fluids%20%26amp%3B%20Environments%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E1%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%2075%26%23x2013%3B90.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1215%5C%2F21573698-1267403%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1215%5C%2F21573698-1267403%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Physical%20and%20biological%20controls%20of%20vertical%20gradients%20in%20phytoplankton%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jennifer%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Prairie%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Peter%20J.%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Franks%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jules%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jaffe%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Mark%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Doubell%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Hidekatsu%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Yamazaki%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Small-scale%20vertical%20heterogeneity%20in%20phytoplankton%20distributions%20is%20common%20in%20coastal%20waters%20and%20may%20be%20a%20critical%20feature%20influencing%20trophic%20coupling%20in%20planktonic%20systems.%20Here%20we%20develop%20a%20model%20to%20investigate%20the%20biological%20and%20physical%20dynamics%20that%20control%20vertical%20gradients%20in%20phytoplankton%20abundance.%20The%20model%20includes%20phytoplankton%20layer%20formation%20and%20layer%20destruction%20through%20mixing%20and%20predicts%20that%20the%20local%20maximum%20scaled%20phytoplankton%20gradient%20is%20controlled%20by%20the%20relative%20strengths%20of%20these%20dynamics.%20We%20compare%20the%20predictions%20of%20this%20model%20to%20highly%20resolved%20profiles%20of%20phytoplankton%20concentration%20and%20fluorescence%20collected%20using%20a%20free-falling%20planar%20laser%20imaging%20fluorometer%20%28FIDO-%5Cu03a6%29%20and%20turbulence%20microstructure%20profiler%20data%20%28TurboMAP-L%29.%20From%20these%20profiles%2C%20we%20estimate%20the%20model%20parameters%3A%20the%20maximum%20rate%20of%20layer%20formation%20and%20minimum%20possible%20layer%20thickness.%20The%20maximum%20rate%20of%20layer%20formation%20ranged%20from%200.46%20to%200.94%5Cu00a0d%5Cu00a0%5Cu2212%5Cu00a01%2C%20which%20is%20comparable%20to%20maximum%20reported%20growth%20rates%20of%20the%20most%20common%20phytoplankton%20taxa%20found%20in%20our%20samples.%20The%20minimum%20layer%20thickness%20estimated%20from%20our%20data%20suggests%20that%20persistent%20phytoplankton%20layers%20thinner%20than%20approximately%200.5%5Cu00a0m%20may%20be%20rare%20in%20coastal%20waters.%20This%20study%20provides%20a%20mechanistic%20explanation%20for%20some%20of%20the%20underlying%20dynamics%20governing%20phytoplankton%20layer%20formation%2C%20maintenance%2C%20and%20destruction%20and%20will%20allow%20us%20to%20better%20predict%20the%20magnitude%20and%20occurrence%20of%20these%20ecologically%20important%20structures%20in%20the%20field.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22April%201%2C%202011%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1215%5C%2F21573698-1267403%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WFTW2MTH%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-07-27T16%3A30%3A47Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22P474N7CA%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Jaffe%20and%20Roberts%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222011-02%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3E%3Cstrong%3EJaffe%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20J.%20S.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Roberts%2C%20P.%20L.%20D.%20%282011%29.%20Estimating%20fish%20orientation%20from%20broadband%2C%20limited-angle%2C%20multiview%2C%20acoustic%20reflections.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20the%20Acoustical%20Society%20of%20America%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E129%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%282%29%2C%20670%26%23x2013%3B680.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1121%5C%2F1.3523430%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1121%5C%2F1.3523430%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Estimating%20fish%20orientation%20from%20broadband%2C%20limited-angle%2C%20multiview%2C%20acoustic%20reflections%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jaffe%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22P.%20L.%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Roberts%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22This%20article%20demonstrates%20that%20multiview%2C%20broadband%20%28635-935%20kHz%29%2C%20nearly%20monostatic%2C%20acoustic%20reflections%20recorded%20from%20lateral%20views%20of%20juvenile%20fish%20can%20be%20used%20to%20infer%20animal%20orientation.%20Calibrated%20acoustic%20data%20were%20recorded%20from%20live%20fish%20in%20a%20laboratory%2C%20while%20orientation%20was%20measured%20simultaneously%20via%20optical%20images.%20Using%20eight%20animals%2C%20two-dimensional%20data%20sets%20of%20target%20strength%20as%20a%20function%20of%20frequency%20and%20orientation%20were%20obtained.%20Fish%20length%2C%20lateral%20thickness%2C%20and%20dorsoventral%20thickness%20ranged%20from%2024%20to%2048%20mm%2C%203%20to%207%20mm%20and%2010%20to%2020%20mm%2C%20respectively.%20Preliminary%20estimates%20of%20orientation%20were%20computed%20from%20the%20direction%20of%20the%20gradient%20of%20the%20local%20autocorrelation%20function%20in%20the%20target%20strength%20image.%20These%20local%20estimates%20were%20then%20median-filtered%20over%20the%20full%20system%20bandwidth%20%28but%20still%20limited-angle%29%20to%20improve%20accuracy.%20Angular%20estimates%20were%20then%20corrected%20for%20systematic%20bias%20via%20a%20simple%2C%20one-dimensional%20model%20that%20approximated%20the%20animals%27%20reflection%20by%20that%20of%20a%20bar%20target.%20Taken%20over%20all%20orientations%2C%20the%20average%20absolute%20error%20in%20orientation%20estimation%20is%205.6%20degrees%20to%2017%20degrees%2C%20dependent%20on%20the%20data%20set.%20Results%20indicate%2C%20for%20most%20sets%20of%20views%2C%20reasonable%20estimates%20of%20lateral%20orientation%20can%20be%20obtained%20from%20broadband%2C%20multiview%20data%20over%20a%20set%20of%20limited%20angular%20reflections.%20%28C%29%202011%20Acoustical%20Society%20of%20America.%20%5BDOI%3A%2010.1121%5C%2F1.3523430%5D%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22Feb%202011%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22English%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1121%5C%2F1.3523430%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220001-4966%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WFTW2MTH%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-07-27T16%3A30%3A45Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22EIEIJRQS%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Roberts%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222011-01%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ERoberts%2C%20P.%20L.%20D.%2C%20%3Cstrong%3EJaffe%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20J.%20S.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Trivedi%2C%20M.%20M.%20%282011%29.%20Multiview%2C%20broadband%20acoustic%20classification%20of%20marine%20fish%3A%20a%20machine%20learning%20framework%20and%20comparative%20analysis.%20%3Ci%3EIeee%20Journal%20of%20Oceanic%20Engineering%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E36%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281%29%2C%2090%26%23x2013%3B104.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1109%5C%2Fjoe.2010.2101235%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1109%5C%2Fjoe.2010.2101235%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Multiview%2C%20broadband%20acoustic%20classification%20of%20marine%20fish%3A%20a%20machine%20learning%20framework%20and%20comparative%20analysis%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22P.%20L.%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Roberts%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jaffe%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Trivedi%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Multiview%2C%20broadband%2C%20acoustic%20classification%20of%20individual%20fish%20was%20investigated%20using%20a%20recently%20developed%20laboratory%20scattering%20system.%20Scattering%20data%20from%20nine%20different%20species%20of%20saltwater%20fish%20were%20collected.%20Using%20custom%20software%2C%20these%20data%20were%20processed%20and%20filtered%20to%20yield%20a%20data%20set%20of%2036%20individuals%2C%20and%20between%20200%20and%20500%20echoes%20per%20individual.%20These%20data%20were%20sampled%20uniformly%20randomly%20in%20fish%20orientation.%20Feature-%2C%20decision-%2C%20and%20collaborative-fusion%20algorithms%20were%20then%20developed%20and%20tested%20using%20support%20vector%20machines%20%28SVMs%29%20as%20the%20underlying%20classifiers.%20Decision%20fusion%20was%20implemented%20by%20cascading%20two%20levels%20of%20support%20vectors%20machines.%20Collaborative%20fusion%20was%20implemented%20by%20using%20SVM%20outputs%20to%20estimate%20confidence%20levels%20and%20performing%20weighted%20averaging%20of%20probabilities%20computed%20from%20each%20view%20with%20feedback%20from%20other%20views.%20Collaborative%20fusion%20performed%20as%20well%20or%20better%20than%20the%20others%2C%20and%20did%20so%20without%20requiring%20assumptions%20about%20view%20geometry.%20In%20addition%20to%20a%20comparison%20between%20classification%20algorithms%20and%20feature%20transformations%2C%20two%20data%20collection%20geometries%20were%20explored%2C%20including%20random%20observation%20geometries.%20In%20all%20cases%2C%20combining%20multiple%2C%20broadband%20views%20yielded%20significant%20reductions%20in%20classification%20error%20%2850%25%29%20over%20single-view%20methods%2C%20for%20uniformly%20random%20fish%20orientation.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22Jan%202011%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22English%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1109%5C%2Fjoe.2010.2101235%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220364-9059%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WFTW2MTH%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-07-27T16%3A30%3A46Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22NSD96PA3%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Prairie%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222010-09%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EPrairie%2C%20J.%20C.%2C%20Franks%2C%20P.%20J.%20S.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20%3Cstrong%3EJaffe%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20J.%20S.%20%282010%29.%20Cryptic%20peaks%3A%20Invisible%20vertical%20structure%20in%20fluorescent%20particles%20revealed%20using%20a%20planar%20laser%20imaging%20fluorometer.%20%3Ci%3ELimnology%20and%20Oceanography%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E55%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%285%29%2C%201943%26%23x2013%3B1958.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.4319%5C%2Flo.2010.55.5.1943%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.4319%5C%2Flo.2010.55.5.1943%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Cryptic%20peaks%3A%20Invisible%20vertical%20structure%20in%20fluorescent%20particles%20revealed%20using%20a%20planar%20laser%20imaging%20fluorometer%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Prairie%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22P.%20J.%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Franks%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jaffe%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Small-scale%20vertical%20structure%20in%20the%20distribution%20of%20phytoplankton%20could%20be%20fundamentally%20important%20for%20zooplankton%20foraging%2C%20trophic%20coupling%2C%20and%20carbon%20cycling%20in%20planktonic%20ecosystems.%20Here%2C%20we%20identify%20regions%20of%20structure%20in%20phytoplankton%20communities%20that%20would%20be%20undetected%20by%20fluorometers%20by%20comparing%20the%20vertical%20distribution%20of%20chlorophyll%20fluorescence%20to%20the%20concentration%20of%20fluorescent%20particles%20over%20submeter%20scales.%20Images%20acquired%20with%20a%20free-falling%20planar%20laser%20fluorescence%20imaging%20system%20were%20used%20to%20calculate%20vertical%20profiles%20of%20the%20concentrations%20and%20spatial%20distributions%20of%20fluorescent%20particles%20%28e.g.%2C%20eukaryotic%20phytoplankton%2C%20aggregates%29%20and%20bulk%20fluorescence.%20We%20frequently%20observed%20peaks%20in%20the%20concentration%20of%20fluorescent%20particles%20with%20no%20coincident%20peak%20in%20bulk%20fluorescence%3A%20we%20define%20these%20features%20as%20cryptic%20peaks.%20These%20cryptic%20peaks%20can%20occur%20because%20the%20integrated%20fluorescence%20of%20the%20particles%20that%20are%20resolved%20by%20the%20imaging%20system%20is%20a%20small%20fraction%20of%20the%20total%20fluorescence%3B%20thus%2C%20a%20dramatic%20local%20change%20in%20the%20abundance%20of%20fluorescent%20particles%20can%20occur%20without%20significantly%20changing%20the%20bulk%20fluorescence.%20We%20also%20observed%20bulk%20fluorescence-only%20peaks%3A%20peaks%20in%20bulk%20fluorescence%20with%20no%20coincident%20peak%20in%20fluorescent%20particle%20concentration.%20These%20features%20suggest%20that%20peaks%20in%20bulk%20fluorescence%20or%20chlorophyll%20a%20do%20not%20necessarily%20indicate%20increases%20in%20the%20concentration%20of%20the%20fluorescent%20particles%20resolved%20by%20our%20system%2C%20again%20emphasizing%20the%20difference%20between%20these%20two%20measures%20of%20phytoplankton%20structure.%20Comparing%20the%20relative%20abundances%20of%20two%20size%20classes%20of%20the%20fluorescent%20particles%20in%20the%20images%20revealed%20that%20the%20size%20composition%20of%20the%20fluorescent%20particles%20also%20varied%20over%20small%20scales.%20Phytoplankton%20less%20than%2C%20500%20mm%20in%20length%20numerically%20dominated%20the%20composition%20of%20most%20%2865%25%29%20of%20the%20cryptic%20peaks%20we%20observed.%20By%20comparing%20vertical%20profiles%20of%20fluorescent%20particle%20concentration%20from%20two%20drops%20separated%20by%20less%20than%20an%20hour%2C%20we%20hypothesize%20that%20the%20peaks%20formed%20through%20vertical%20shearing%20of%20existing%20patches.%20Cryptic%20peaks%20contained%20almost%2020%25%20of%20the%20total%20number%20of%20fluorescent%20particles%20counted%20in%20all%20drops%20during%20our%20study%20and%20thus%20could%20represent%20disproportionately%20intense%20regions%20for%20important%20ecological%20processes%20relative%20to%20the%20rest%20of%20the%20water%20column.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22Sep%202010%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22English%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.4319%5C%2Flo.2010.55.5.1943%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220024-3590%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WFTW2MTH%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-07-27T16%3A30%3A44Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22MZ875ZNK%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Steinbuck%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222010-08%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ESteinbuck%2C%20J.%20V.%2C%20Roberts%2C%20P.%20L.%20D.%2C%20Troy%2C%20C.%20D.%2C%20Horner-Devine%2C%20A.%20R.%2C%20Simonet%2C%20F.%2C%20Uhlman%2C%20A.%20H.%2C%20%3Cstrong%3EJaffe%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20J.%20S.%2C%20Monismith%2C%20S.%20G.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Franks%2C%20P.%20J.%20S.%20%282010%29.%20An%20autonomous%20open-ocean%20stereoscopic%20PIV%20profiler.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20Atmospheric%20and%20Oceanic%20Technology%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E27%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%288%29%2C%201362%26%23x2013%3B1380.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1175%5C%2F2010jtecho694.1%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1175%5C%2F2010jtecho694.1%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22An%20autonomous%20open-ocean%20stereoscopic%20PIV%20profiler%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20V.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Steinbuck%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22P.%20L.%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Roberts%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C.%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Troy%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Horner-Devine%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22F.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Simonet%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Uhlman%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jaffe%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%20G.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Monismith%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22P.%20J.%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Franks%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Over%20the%20past%20decade%2C%20a%20novel%20free-fall%20imaging%20profiler%20has%20been%20under%20development%20at%20the%20Scripps%20Institution%20of%20Oceanography%20to%20observe%20and%20quantify%20biological%20and%20physical%20structure%20in%20the%20upper%20100%20m%20of%20the%20ocean.%20The%20profiler%20provided%20the%20first%20detailed%20view%20of%20microscale%20phytoplankton%20distributions%20using%20in%20situ%20planar%20laser-induced%20fluorescence.%20The%20present%20study%20examines%20a%20recent%20incarnation%20of%20the%20profiler%20that%20features%20microscale%20turbulent%20flow%20measurement%20capabilities%20using%20stereoscopic%20particle%20image%20velocimetry%20%28PIV%29.%20As%20the%20profiler%20descends%20through%20the%20water%20column%2C%20a%20vertical%20sheet%20of%20laser%20light%20illuminates%20natural%20particles%20below%20the%20profiler.%20Two%20sensitive%20charge-coupled%20device%20%28CCD%29%20cameras%20image%20a%2025%20cm%20x%2025%20cm%20x%200.6%20cm%20region%20at%20a%20nominal%20frame%20rate%20of%208%20Hz.%20The%20stereoscopic%20camera%20configuration%20allows%20all%20three%20components%20of%20velocity%20to%20be%20measured%20in%20the%20vertical%20plane%20with%20an%20average%20spatial%20resolution%20of%20approximately%203%20mm.%20The%20performance%20of%20the%20PIV%20system%20is%20evaluated%20for%20deployments%20offshore%20of%20the%20southern%20California%20coast.%20The%20in%20situ%20image%20characteristics%2C%20including%20natural%20particle%20seeding%20density%20and%20imaged%20particle%20size%2C%20are%20found%20to%20be%20suitable%20for%20PIV.%20Ensemble-averaged%20velocity%20and%20dissipation%20of%20turbulent%20kinetic%20energy%20estimates%20from%20the%20stereoscopic%20PIV%20system%20are%20consistent%20with%20observations%20from%20an%20acoustic%20Doppler%20velocimeter%20and%20acoustic%20Doppler%20current%20profiler%2C%20though%20it%20is%20revealed%20that%20the%20present%20instrument%20configuration%20influences%20the%20observed%20flow%20field.%20The%20salient%20challenges%20in%20adapting%20stereoscopic%20PIV%20for%20in%20situ%2C%20open-ocean%20turbulence%20measurements%20are%20identified%2C%20including%20cross-plane%20particle%20motion%2C%20instrument%20intrusiveness%2C%20and%20measurement%20uncertainty%20limitations.%20These%20challenges%20are%20discussed%20and%20recommendations%20are%20provided%20for%20future%20development%3A%20improved%20alignment%20with%20the%20dominant%20flow%20direction%2C%20mitigation%20of%20instrument%20intrusiveness%2C%20and%20improvements%20in%20illumination%20and%20imaging%20resolution.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22Aug%202010%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22English%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1175%5C%2F2010jtecho694.1%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220739-0572%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WFTW2MTH%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-07-27T16%3A30%3A44Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22R9ISG37R%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Jaffe%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222010-06%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3E%3Cstrong%3EJaffe%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20J.%20S.%20%282010%29.%20Enhanced%20extended%20range%20underwater%20imaging%20via%20structured%20illumination.%20%3Ci%3EOptics%20Express%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E18%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2812%29%2C%2012328%26%23x2013%3B12340.%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Enhanced%20extended%20range%20underwater%20imaging%20via%20structured%20illumination%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jaffe%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22In%20this%20article%2C%20the%20utility%20of%20structured%20illumination%20in%20order%20to%20enhance%20the%20contrast%20and%20subsequent%20range%20capability%20of%20an%20underwater%20imaging%20system%20is%20explored.%20The%20proposed%20method%20consists%20of%20transmitting%20a%20short%20pulse%20of%20light%20in%20a%20grid%20like%20pattern%20that%20consists%20of%20multiple%2C%20narrow%2C%20delta-function%20like%20beams.%20The%20grid%20pattern%20can%20be%20arranged%20in%20either%20a%20one-dimensional%20line%20or%20an%20area%20as%20a%20two-dimensional%20pattern.%20Scanning%20the%20pattern%20in%20time%20results%20in%20the%20sequential%20illumination%20of%20the%20entire%20scene.%20The%20receiving%20system%20architecture%20imposes%20the%20exact%20same%2C%20grid-like%20pattern%20sensitivity%20on%20the%20reflected%20light%20with%20a%20simple%20subsequent%20superposition%20of%20the%20time-sequenced%20images.%20The%20system%20can%20be%20viewed%20as%20a%20parallel%20implementation%20of%20a%20Laser%20Line%20Scan%20System%20where%20multiple%20beams%20are%20projected%20and%20received%20instead%20of%20a%20single%20one.%20The%20performance%20enhancement%20over%20more%20conventional%20systems%20that%20project%20either%20a%20sheet%20or%20an%20area%20of%20light%20is%20compared%20for%20a%20challenging%20underwater%20environment%20via%20computer%20simulations.%20The%20resulting%20images%20are%20analyzed%20as%20a%20function%20of%20the%20spacing%20between%20the%20projected%20light%20beams%20to%20characterize%20contrast%20and%20resolution.%20The%20results%20indicate%20that%20reasonable%20gains%20are%20obtainable%20for%20close%20spacing%20between%20the%20beams%20while%20quite%20significant%20gains%20are%20predicted%20for%20larger%20ones.%20Structured%20illumination%20systems%20can%20therefore%20collect%20images%20more%20rapidly%20than%20systems%20that%20scan%20a%20single%20beam%3B%20however%20with%20concomitant%20trade-offs%20in%20contrast%20and%20resolution.%20%28C%29%202010%20Optical%20Society%20of%20America%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22Jun%202010%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22English%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221094-4087%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WFTW2MTH%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-07-27T16%3A30%3A45Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22HBUJLWET%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Li%20and%20Jaffe%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222010-02%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ELi%2C%20W.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20%3Cstrong%3EJaffe%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20J.%20S.%20%282010%29.%20Sizing%20homogeneous%20spherical%20particles%20from%20intensity-only%20angular%20scatter.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20the%20Optical%20Society%20of%20America%20A-Optics%20Image%20Science%20and%20Vision%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E27%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%282%29%2C%20151%26%23x2013%3B158.%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Sizing%20homogeneous%20spherical%20particles%20from%20intensity-only%20angular%20scatter%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22W.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Li%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jaffe%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22A%20set%20of%20algorithms%20is%20proposed%20to%20retrieve%20the%20size%20of%20spherically%20symmetric%20particles%20from%20the%20measured%20intensity%20of%20angular%20scatter%20data.%20Of%20special%20interest%20are%20low-contrast%20particles%20whose%20real%20part%20of%20the%20index%20of%20refraction%20is%20between%201.03%20and%201.09%20and%20whose%20size%20ka%20is%20constrained%20so%20that%20pi%20%3C%3D%20ka%20%3C%3D%2016%20pi%2C%20where%20k%3D2%20pi%5C%2Flambda%20and%20a%20is%20particle%20radius.%20Several%20algorithms%20are%20evaluated%20and%20compared%20that%20are%20based%20on%20either%20simple%20matching%20to%20the%20Mie%20theory%20predictions%20or%20inverse%20tomography%20methods.%20In%20the%20tomography%20methods%2C%20a%20previously%20proposed%20algorithm%20%5BOpt.%20Express.%2015%2C%2012217%20%28%202007%29%5D%20was%20used%20after%20estimating%20the%20phase%20of%20the%20scattered%20data%20or%20adapted%20to%20use%20intensity-only%20data.%20In%20order%20to%20ensure%20stability%2C%20all%20algorithms%27%20performance%20was%20evaluated%20in%20the%20presence%20of%20moderate%20noise.%20The%20performance%20varied%20as%20a%20function%20of%20particle%20size%2C%20refractive%20index%2C%20and%20algorithm.%20Results%20suggest%20that%20a%20scattering%20device%20that%20collects%20only%20the%20angular%20scatter%20that%20is%20perpendicular%20to%20the%20polarization%20of%20incident%20light%2C%20usually%20denoted%20as%20S%281%29%2C%20can%20be%20used%20to%20accurately%20estimate%20the%20size%20of%20homogeneous%2C%20low-contrast%2C%20spherical%20particles%20whose%20diameters%20are%20close%20to%20the%20wavelength%20of%20the%20incident%20light.%20%28C%29%202010%20Optical%20Society%20of%20America%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22Feb%202010%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22English%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221084-7529%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WFTW2MTH%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-07-27T16%3A30%3A48Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22MX43EDD7%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Karakoylu%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222009-01%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EKarakoylu%2C%20E.%20M.%2C%20Franks%2C%20P.%20J.%20S.%2C%20Tanaka%2C%20Y.%2C%20Roberts%2C%20P.%20L.%20D.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20%3Cstrong%3EJaffe%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20J.%20S.%20%282009%29.%20Copepod%20feeding%20quantified%20by%20planar%20laser%20imaging%20of%20gut%20fluorescence.%20%3Ci%3ELimnology%20and%20Oceanography-Methods%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E7%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%2033%26%23x2013%3B41.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.4319%5C%2Flom.2009.7.33%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.4319%5C%2Flom.2009.7.33%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Copepod%20feeding%20quantified%20by%20planar%20laser%20imaging%20of%20gut%20fluorescence%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22E.%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Karakoylu%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22P.%20J.%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Franks%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Y.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Tanaka%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22P.%20L.%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Roberts%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jaffe%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22We%20present%20a%20new%20method%20for%20quantifying%20the%20feeding%20of%20individual%20copepods%2C%20using%20a%20planar%20sheet%20of%20laser%20light%20to%20stimulate%20the%20fluorescence%20of%20phytoplankton%20ingested%20by%20the%20copepod.%20The%20fluorescence%20is%20imaged%20with%20a%20sensitive%20CCD%20camera%2C%20giving%20two-dimensional%20images%20of%20the%20copepod%27s%20gut%20with%2020%20x%2020%20mu%20m%20spatial%20resolution.%20Using%20tethered%20copepods%2C%20we%20have%20obtained%20%3E%203%20h%20long%20time%20series%20of%20copepod%20gut%20fluorescence%20with%20images%20every%2015-20%20s.%20The%20same%20individual%20copepod%20can%20be%20used%20for%20multiple%20experiments%2C%20obviating%20the%20problems%20of%20individual%20variability%20as%20a%20source%20of%20error.%20Initial%20data%20reveal%20two%20distinct%20patterns%20of%20variability%20as%20material%20moves%20through%20two%20functionally%20different%20gut%20compartments.%20These%20patterns%20reflect%20processes%20occurring%20in%20each%20compartment.%20The%20upper%20%28anterior%29%20mid-gut%20shows%20higher%20variability%20and%20less%20repeatability%20than%20the%20posterior%20midgut%20where%20undigested%20material%20is%20aggregated%20into%20a%20fecal%20pellet%20and%20evacuated%20at%20regular%20intervals.%20Variability%20in%20the%20upper%20mid-gut%20is%20likely%20due%20to%20factors%20such%20as%20intermittence%20of%20feeding%20and%20relatively%20complex%20mixing%20dynamics.%20In%20the%20posterior%20mid-gut%2C%20mixing%20dynamics%20are%20much%20simpler%2C%20and%20the%20variability%20of%20the%20upper%20compartment%20is%20integrated%20over%20the%20time%20scale%20of%20pellet%20formation.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22Jan%202009%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22English%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.4319%5C%2Flom.2009.7.33%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221541-5856%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WFTW2MTH%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-07-27T16%3A30%3A44Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22R7AXNFEF%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Roberts%20and%20Jaffe%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222008-08%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ERoberts%2C%20P.%20L.%20D.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20%3Cstrong%3EJaffe%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20J.%20S.%20%282008%29.%20Classification%20of%20live%2C%20untethered%20zooplankton%20from%20observations%20of%20multiple-angle%20acoustic%20scatter.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20the%20Acoustical%20Society%20of%20America%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E124%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%282%29%2C%20796%26%23x2013%3B802.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1121%5C%2F1.2945114%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1121%5C%2F1.2945114%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Classification%20of%20live%2C%20untethered%20zooplankton%20from%20observations%20of%20multiple-angle%20acoustic%20scatter%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22P.%20L.%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Roberts%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jaffe%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22A%20broadband%2C%20multiple-angle%20acoustic%20array%20was%20used%20to%20classify%20millimeter%20to%20centimeter%20sized%20live%20zooplankton%20in%20a%20laboratory%20tank.%20Reflections%20in%20the%20frequency%20range%20from%201.5%20to%202.5%20MHz%20were%20recorded%20from%20untethered%201-4%20mm%20calanoid%20copepods%20and%208-12%20mm%20mysids%20over%20an%20angular%20range%20of%200%20degrees-47%20degrees.%20A%20synchronized%2C%20coregistered%20video%20system%20recorded%20animal%20location%20and%20orientation.%20To%20highlight%20differences%20between%20animals%2C%20a%20frequency%20correlation%20matrix%20was%20computed%20from%20the%20observed%20wide-band%20power%20spectra%20of%20the%20scattered%20sound.%20Significant%20differences%20in%20the%20slopes%20and%20shapes%20of%20the%20eigenvalue%20spectra%20of%20this%20matrix%20were%20found%20for%20mysids%20versus%20copepods.%20These%20results%20support%20the%20idea%20that%20broadband%2C%20multiple-angle%20scatter%20can%20be%20used%20to%20classify%20organisms%20of%20different%20sizes%20and%20shapes.%20%28C%29%202008%20Acoustical%20Society%20of%20America.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22Aug%202008%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22English%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1121%5C%2F1.2945114%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220001-4966%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WFTW2MTH%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-07-27T16%3A30%3A44Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22T3PZW9DL%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Franks%20and%20Jaffe%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222008-02%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EFranks%2C%20P.%20J.%20S.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20%3Cstrong%3EJaffe%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20J.%20S.%20%282008%29.%20Microscale%20variability%20in%20the%20distributions%20of%20large%20fluorescent%20particles%20observed%20in%20situ%20with%20a%20planar%20laser%20imaging%20fluorometer.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20Marine%20Systems%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E69%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%283%26%23x2013%3B4%29%2C%20254%26%23x2013%3B270.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.jmarsys.2006.03.027%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.jmarsys.2006.03.027%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Microscale%20variability%20in%20the%20distributions%20of%20large%20fluorescent%20particles%20observed%20in%20situ%20with%20a%20planar%20laser%20imaging%20fluorometer%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22P.%20J.%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Franks%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jaffe%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22often%20show%20systematic%20variations%20with%20other%20properties%20such%20as%20total%20biomass%2C%20nutrient%20concentration%2C%20season%2C%20and%20distance%20%28both%20vertical%20and%20horizontal%29.%20The%20recent%20finding%20of%20the%20ubiquitous%20nature%20of%20layers%20of%20phytoplankton%20%3C%201%20m%20thick%20prompted%20us%20to%20explore%20the%20fine-%20and%20microscale%20vertical%20variations%20of%20size-%20and%20fluorescence-abundance%20spectra%20in%20the%20ocean.%20Using%20a%20two-dimensional%20planar%20laser%20imaging%20system%20mounted%20on%20a%20free-falling%20platform%2C%20we%20quantified%20the%20properties%20of%20large%20fluorescent%20particles%20%28similar%20to%2020%20mu%20m-2%20cm%29%20through%20the%20water%20column%2C%20obtaining%20images%20every%2010-30%20cm.%20These%20images%20showed%20systematic%20relationships%20of%20the%20spectral%20properties%20to%20total%20chlorophyll%3A%20increased%20proportions%20of%20the%20smallest%20particles%20at%20high%20chlorophyll%20concentrations%2C%20and%20a%20lengthening%20of%20the%20spectral%20size%20range%20at%20high%20total%20chlorophyll%20concentrations%20%28more%20large%20particles%20at%20high%20chlorophyll%20concentrations%29.%20Further%2C%20we%20observed%20significant%20variations%20of%20the%20spectral%20properties%20over%20scales%20of%20I%20in%20and%20less%2C%20and%20recorded%20the%20frequent%20occurrence%20of%20unusual%20layers%20of%20large%20particles.%20Our%20new%20instrument%2C%20which%20is%20sensitive%20to%20thin%20layers%20of%20enhanced%20phytoplankton%20biomass%2C%20shows%20the%20planktonic%20community%20to%20be%20highly%20structured%20vertically%20on%20scales%20of%201-2%20m%2C%20particularly%20within%20the%20DCM.%20%28c%29%202007%20Elsevier%20B.V.%20All%20rights%20reserved.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22Feb%202008%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22English%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.jmarsys.2006.03.027%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220924-7963%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WFTW2MTH%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-07-27T16%3A30%3A46Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22VQCSRLFQ%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Jaffe%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222008%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3E%3Cstrong%3EJaffe%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20J.%20S.%20%282008%29.%20Sensing%20plankton%3A%20acoustics%20and%20optical%20imaging.%20In%20M.%20Babin%2C%20C.%20S.%20Roesler%2C%20%26amp%3B%20J.%20J.%20Cullen%20%28Eds.%29%2C%20%3Ci%3EReal-time%20coastal%20observing%20systems%20for%20marine%20ecosystem%20dynamics%20and%20harmful%20algal%20blooms%26%23x202F%3B%3A%20theory%2C%20instrumentation%20and%20modelling%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%20%28pp.%20385%26%23x2013%3B412%29.%20UNESCO.%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22bookSection%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Sensing%20plankton%3A%20acoustics%20and%20optical%20imaging%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jaffe%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22editor%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Marcel%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Babin%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22editor%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Collin%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Roesler%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22editor%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22John%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cullen%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22This%20volume%20offers%20guidance%20for%20developing%20real-time%20and%20near%20real-time%20sensing%20systems%20for%20observing%20and%20predicting%20plankton%20dynamics%2C%20including%20harmful%20algal%20blooms%2C%20in%20coastal%20waters.%20It%20explains%20the%20underlying%20theory%20and%20discusses%20current%20trends%20in%20research%20and%20monitoring.%20Topics%20treated%20include%3A%20coastal%20ecosystems%20and%20dynamics%20of%20harmful%20algal%20blooms%3B%20theory%20and%20practical%20applications%20of%20in%20situ%20and%20remotely%20sensed%20optical%20detection%20of%20microalgal%20distributions%20and%20composition%3B%20theory%20and%20practical%20applications%20of%20in%20situ%20biological%20and%20chemical%20sensors%20for%20targeted%20species%20and%20toxin%20detection%3B%20integrated%20observing%20systems%20and%20platforms%20for%20detection%3B%20diagnostic%20and%20predictive%20modeling%20of%20ecosystems%20and%20harmful%20algal%20blooms%2C%20including%20data%20assimilation%20techniques%3B%20observational%20needs%20for%20the%20public%20and%20government%3B%20and%20future%20directions%20for%20research%20and%20operations.--Publisher%27s%20description.%22%2C%22bookTitle%22%3A%22Real-time%20coastal%20observing%20systems%20for%20marine%20ecosystem%20dynamics%20and%20harmful%20algal%20blooms%20%3A%20theory%2C%20instrumentation%20and%20modelling%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222008%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22English%22%2C%22ISBN%22%3A%22978-92-3-104042-9%2092-3-104042-1%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WFTW2MTH%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-07-27T16%3A30%3A47Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%224732H533%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Jaffe%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222007-09%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3E%3Cstrong%3EJaffe%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20J.%20S.%20%282007%29.%20A%20tomographic%20approach%20to%20inverse%20Mie%20particle%20characterization%20from%20scattered%20light.%20%3Ci%3EOptics%20Express%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E15%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2819%29%2C%2012217%26%23x2013%3B12229.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1364%5C%2Foe.15.012217%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1364%5C%2Foe.15.012217%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22A%20tomographic%20approach%20to%20inverse%20Mie%20particle%20characterization%20from%20scattered%20light%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jaffe%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20problem%20of%20computing%20the%20internal%20electromagnetic%20field%20of%20a%20homogeneous%20sphere%20from%20the%20observation%20of%20its%20scattered%20light%20field%20is%20explored.%20Using%20empirical%20observations%20it%20shown%20that%2C%20to%20good%20approximation%20for%20low%20contrast%20objects%2C%20there%20is%20a%20simple%20Fourier%20relationship%20between%20a%20component%20of%20the%20internal%20E-field%20and%20the%20scattered%20light%20in%20a%20preferred%20plane.%20Based%20on%20this%20relationship%20an%20empirical%20algorithm%20is%20proposed%20to%20construct%20a%20spherically%20symmetric%20particle%20of%20approximately%20the%20same%20diameter%20as%20the%20original%2C%20homogeneous%2C%20one.%20The%20size%20parameter%20%28ka%29%20of%20this%20particle%20is%20then%20estimated%20and%20shown%20to%20be%20nearly%20identical%20to%20that%20of%20the%20original%20particle.%20The%20size%20parameter%20can%20then%20be%20combined%20with%20the%20integrated%20power%20of%20the%20scatter%20in%20the%20preferred%20plane%20to%20estimate%20refractive%20index.%20The%20estimated%20values%20are%20shown%20to%20be%20accurate%20in%20the%20presence%20of%20moderate%20noise%20for%20a%20class%20of%20size%20parameters.%20%28c%29%202007%20Optical%20Society%20of%20America.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22Sep%202007%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22English%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1364%5C%2Foe.15.012217%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221094-4087%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WFTW2MTH%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-07-27T16%3A30%3A48Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22B8V5BCAE%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Roberts%20and%20Jaffe%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222007-04%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ERoberts%2C%20P.%20L.%20D.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20%3Cstrong%3EJaffe%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20J.%20S.%20%282007%29.%20Multiple%20angle%20acoustic%20classification%20of%20zooplankton.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20the%20Acoustical%20Society%20of%20America%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E121%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%284%29%2C%202060%26%23x2013%3B2070.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1121%5C%2F1.2697471%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1121%5C%2F1.2697471%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Multiple%20angle%20acoustic%20classification%20of%20zooplankton%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22P.%20L.%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Roberts%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jaffe%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20use%20of%20multiple%20angle%20acoustic%20scatter%20to%20discriminate%20between%20two%20taxa%20of%20fluid-like%20zooplankton%2C%20copepods%20and%20euphausiids%2C%20is%20explored.%20Using%20computer%20modeling%2C%20feature%20extraction%2C%20and%20subsequent%20classification%2C%20the%20accuracy%20in%20discriminating%20between%20the%20two%20taxa%20is%20characterized%20via%20computer%20simulations.%20The%20model%20applies%20the%20distorted%20wave%20Born%20approximation%20together%20with%20a%20simple%20system%20geometry%2C%20a%20linear%20array%2C%20to%20predict%20a%20set%20of%20noisy%20training%20and%20test%20data.%20Three%20feature%20spaces%20are%20designed%2C%20exploiting%20the%20relationship%20between%20the%20shape%20of%20the%20scatterer%20and%20angularly%20varying%20scattering%20amplitude%2C%20to%20extract%20discriminant%20features%20from%20these%20data.%20Under%20the%20assumption%20of%20uniform%20random%20length%20and%20uniform%20three-dimensional%20orientation%20distributions%20for%20each%20class%20of%20scatterers%2C%20the%20performance%20of%20several%20classification%20algorithms%20is%20evaluated.%20Simulations%20reveal%20that%20the%20incorporation%20of%20multiple%20angle%20data%20leads%20to%20a%20marked%20improvement%20in%20classification%20performance%20over%20single%20angle%20methods.%20The%20improvement%20is%20more%20substantial%20using%20broadband%20scatter.%20The%20simulations%20indicate%20that%20under%20the%20stated%20assumptions%2C%20a%20low%20classification%20error%20can%20be%20obtained.%20The%20use%20of%20multiple%20angle%20scatter%20therefore%20holds%20promise%20to%20substantially%20improve%20the%20in%20situ%20acoustic%20classification%20of%20fluid-like%20zooplankton%20using%20simple%20observation%20geometries.%20%28c%29%202007%20Acoustical%20Society%20of%20America.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22Apr%202007%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22English%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1121%5C%2F1.2697471%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220001-4966%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WFTW2MTH%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-07-27T16%3A30%3A46Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22GSZLJI29%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Jaffe%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222007-01%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3E%3Cstrong%3EJaffe%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20J.%20S.%2C%20Simonet%2C%20F.%2C%20Roberts%2C%20P.%20L.%20D.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Bowles%2C%20A.%20E.%20%282007%29.%20Measurement%20of%20the%20acoustic%20reflectivity%20of%20sirenia%20%28Florida%20manatees%29%20at%20171%20kHz.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20the%20Acoustical%20Society%20of%20America%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E121%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281%29%2C%20158%26%23x2013%3B165.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1121%5C%2F1.2384845%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1121%5C%2F1.2384845%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Measurement%20of%20the%20acoustic%20reflectivity%20of%20sirenia%20%28Florida%20manatees%29%20at%20171%20kHz%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jaffe%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22F.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Simonet%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22P.%20L.%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Roberts%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bowles%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20Florida%20manatee%20%28Trichechus%20manatus%20latirostris%29%20is%20an%20endangered%20sirenian.%20At%20present%2C%20its%20adult%20population%20%28similar%20to%202200%29%20seems%20stable%2C%20but%20tenuous.%20Manatee-boat%20collisions%20are%20a%20significant%20proportion%20%28similar%20to%2025%25%29%20of%20mortalities.%20Here%2C%20the%20potential%20use%20of%20active%20sonar%20for%20detecting%20manatees%20by%20quantifying%20sonic%20reflectivity%20is%20explored.%20In%20order%20to%20estimate%20reflectivity%20two%20methods%20were%20used.%20One%20method%20measured%20live%20reflections%20from%20captive%20animals%20using%20a%20carefully%20calibrated%20acoustic%20and%20co-registered%20optical%20system.%20The%20other%20method%20consisted%20of%20the%20analysis%20of%20animal%20tissue%20in%20order%20to%20obtain%20estimates%20of%20the%20sound%20speed%20and%20density%20and%20to%20predict%20reflectivity.%20The%20impedance%20measurement%20predicts%20that%20for%20a%20lateral%20view%2C%20the%20tissue%20reflectivity%20is%20close%20to%200.13%2C%20with%20a%20critical%20grazing%20angle%20of%2028%20degrees.%20Data%20measured%20from%20live%20animals%20indicate%20that%20substantial%20reflections%20can%20be%20recorded%2C%20however%20in%20many%20instances%20observed%20%5C%22empirical%20target%20strengths%5C%22%20were%20less%20than%20an%20experimentally%20dependent%20-48-dB%20threshold.%20Conclusions%20favor%20the%20hypothesis%20that%20the%20animals%20reflect%20substantial%20amounts%20of%20sound%3B%20however%2C%20the%20reflections%20can%20often%20be%20specular%2C%20and%20therefore%20impractical%20for%20observation%20by%20a%20manatee%20detection%20sonar%20operating%20at%20171%20kHz.%20%28c%29%202007%20Acoustical%20Society%20of%20America.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22Jan%202007%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22English%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1121%5C%2F1.2384845%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220001-4966%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WFTW2MTH%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-07-27T16%3A30%3A46Z%22%7D%7D%5D%7D
Walker, J. L., Zeng, Z., Wu, C. L., Jaffe, J. S., Frasier, K. E., & Sandin, S. S. (2024). Underwater Object Detection Under Domain Shift. IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1109/JOE.2024.3425453
Kenitz, K. M., Orenstein, E. C., Anderson, C. R., Barth, A. J., Briseño‐Avena, C., Caron, D. A., Carter, M. L., Eggleston, E., Franks, P. J. S., Fumo, J. T., Jaffe, J. S., McBeain, K. A., Odell, A., Seech, K., Shipe, R., Smith, J., Taniguchi, D. A. A., Venrick, E. L., & Barton, A. D. (2023). Convening Expert Taxonomists to Build Image Libraries for Training Automated Classifiers. Limnology and Oceanography Bulletin. https://doi.org/10.1002/lob.10584
Stock, B. C., Mullen, A. D., Jaffe, J. S., Candelmo, A., Heppell, S. A., Pattengill-Semmens, C. V., McCoy, C. M., Johnson, B. C., & Semmens, B. X. (2023). Protected fish spawning aggregations as self-replenishing reservoirs for regional recovery. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 290(1998), 20230551. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2023.0551
Kenitz, K. M., Anderson, C. R., Carter, M. L., Eggleston, E., Seech, K., Shipe, R., Smith, J., Orenstein, E. C., Franks, P. J. S., Jaffe, J. S., & Barton, A. D. (2023). Environmental and ecological drivers of harmful algal blooms revealed by automated underwater microscopy. Limnology and Oceanography. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.12297
Jaffe, J. S., Schull, S., Kühl, M., & Wangpraseurt, D. (2022). Non-invasive estimation of coral polyp volume and surface area using optical coherence tomography. Frontiers in Marine Science, 9, 1049440. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2022.1049440
Le, K. T., Yuan, Z., Syed, A., Ratelle, D., Orenstein, E. C., Carter, M. L., Strang, S., Kenitz, K. M., Morgado, P., Franks, P. J. S., Vasconcelos, N., & Jaffe, J. S. (2022). Benchmarking and Automating the Image Recognition Capability of an In Situ Plankton Imaging System. Frontiers in Marine Science, 9, 869088. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2022.869088
Lertvilai, P., & Jaffe, J. S. (2022). In situ size and motility measurement of aquatic invertebrates with an underwater stereoscopic camera system using tilted lenses. Methods in Ecology and Evolution, 9. https://doi.org/10.1111/2041-210x.13855
Sauer, J. S., Mayer, K. J., Lee, C., Alves, M. R., Amiri, S., Bahaveolos, C. J., Franklin, E. B., Crocker, D. R., Dang, D. Y., Dinasquet, J., Garofalo, L. A., Kaluarachchi, C. P., Kilgour, D. B., Mael, L. E., Mitts, B. A., Moon, D. R., Moore, A. N., Morris, C. K., Mullenmeister, C. A., … Prather, K. A. (2022). The Sea Spray Chemistry and Particle Evolution study (SeaSCAPE): overview and experimental methods. Environmental Science-Processes & Impacts, 26. https://doi.org/10.1039/d1em00260k
Pagniello, C., Butler, J., Rosen, A., Sherwood, A., Roberts, P., Parnell, E., Jaffe, J., & Sirovic, A. (2021). An optical imaging system for capturing images in low-light aquatic habitats using only ambient light. Oceanography, 34(3), 71–77. https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2021.305
Merz, E., Kozakiewicz, T., Reyes, M., Ebi, C., Isles, P., Baity-Jesi, M., Roberts, P., Jaffe, J. S., Dennis, S. R., Hardeman, T., Stevens, N., Lorimer, T., & Pomati, F. (2021). Underwater dual-magnification imaging for automated lake plankton monitoring. Water Research, 203, 12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2021.117524
Ronen, R., Attias, Y., Schechner, Y. Y., Jaffe, J. S., & Orenstein, E. (2021). Plankton reconstruction through robust statistical optical tomography. Journal of the Optical Society of America A-Optics Image Science and Vision, 38(9), 1320–1331. https://doi.org/10.1364/josaa.423037
Lertvilai, P., Roberts, P. L. D., & Jaffe, J. S. (2021). In situ underwater average flow velocity estimation using a low-cost video velocimeter. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, 38(6), 1143–1156. https://doi.org/10.1175/jtech-d-20-0115.1
Butler, J., Pagniello, C., Jaffe, J. S., Parnell, P. E., & Sirovic, A. (2021). Diel and seasonal variability in kelp forest soundscapes off the Southern California coast. Frontiers in Marine Science, 8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.629643
Garwood, J. C., Lucas, A. J., Naughton, P., Roberts, P. L. D., Jaffe, J. S., DeGelleke, L., & Franks, P. J. S. (2020). Larval cross-shore transport estimated from internal waves with a background flow: The effects of larval vertical position and depth regulation. Limnology and Oceanography. https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.11632
Orenstein, E. C., Ratelle, D., Briseno-Avena, C., Carter, M. L., Franks, P. J. S., Jaffe, J. S., & Roberts, P. L. D. (2020). The Scripps Plankton Camera system: A framework and platform for in situ microscopy. Limnology and Oceanography-Methods. https://doi.org/10.1002/lom3.10394
Orenstein, E. C., Kenitz, K. M., Roberts, P. L. D., Franks, P. J. S., Jaffe, J. S., & Barton, A. D. (2020). Semi- and fully supervised quantification techniques to improve population estimates from machine classifiers. Limnology and Oceanography-Methods. https://doi.org/10.1002/lom3.10399
Briseno-Avena, C., Prairie, J. C., Franks, P. J. S., & Jaffe, J. S. (2020). Comparing Vertical Distributions of Chl-a Fluorescence, Marine Snow, and Taxon-Specific Zooplankton in Relation to Density Using High-Resolution Optical Measurements. Frontiers in Marine Science, 7. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.00602
Kenitz, K. M., Orenstein, E. C., Roberts, P. L. D., Franks, P. J. S., Jaffe, J. S., Carter, M. L., & Barton, A. D. (2020). Environmental drivers of population variability in colony-forming marine diatoms. Limnology and Oceanography. https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.11468
Garwood, J. C., Lucas, A. J., Naughton, P., Alford, M. H., Roberts, P. L. D., Jaffe, J. S., DeGelleke, L., & Franks, P. J. S. (2019). A novel cross-shore transport mechanism revealed by subsurface, robotic larval mimics: Internal wave deformation of the background velocity field. Limnology and Oceanography. https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.11400
Lombard, F., Boss, E., Waite, A. M., Vogt, M., Uitz, J., Stemmann, L., Sosik, H. M., Schulz, J., Romagnan, J. B., Picheral, M., Pearlman, J., Ohman, M. D., Niehoff, B., Moller, K. M., Miloslavich, P., Lara-Lpez, A., Kudela, R., Lopes, R. M., Kiko, R., … Appeltans, W. (2019). Globally consistent quantitative observations of planktonic ecosystems. Frontiers in Marine Science, 6. https://doi.org/10.3119/fmars.2019.00196
Briseno-Avena, C., Franks, P. J. S., Roberts, P. L. D., & Jaffe, J. S. (2018). A diverse group of echogenic particles observed with a broadband, high frequency echosounder. Ices Journal of Marine Science, 75(2), 471–482. https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsx171
Naughton, P., Roux, P., Schurgers, C., Kastner, R., Jaffe, J. S., & Roberts, P. L. D. (2018). Self-localization of a deforming swarm of underwater vehicles using impulsive sound sources of opportunity. Ieee Access, 6, 1635–1646. https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2017.2779835
Jaffe, J. S., Franks, P. J. S., Roberts, P. L. D., Mirza, D., Schurgers, C., Kastner, R., & Boch, A. (2017). A swarm of autonomous miniature underwater robot drifters for exploring submesoscale ocean dynamics. Nature Communications, 8, 14189. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms14189
Naughton, P., Roux, P., Yeakle, R., Schurgers, C., Kastner, R., Jaffe, J. S., & Roberts, P. L. D. (2016). Ambient noise correlations on a mobile, deformable array. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 140(6), 4260–4270. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.4971172
Liao, R., Roberts, P. L. D., & Jaffe, J. S. (2016). Sizing submicron particles from optical scattering data collected with oblique incidence illumination. Applied Optics, 55(33), 9440–9449. https://doi.org/10.1364/ao.55.009440
Mullen, A. D., Treibitz, T., Roberts, P. L. D., Kelly, E. L. A., Horwitz, R., Smith, J. E., & Jaffe, J. S. (2016). Underwater microscopy for in situ studies of benthic ecosystems. Nature Communications, 7. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms12093
Yi, J. W., Mirza, D., Kastner, R., Schurgers, C., Roberts, P., & Jaffe, J. (2015). ToA-TS: Time of arrival based joint time synchronization and tracking for mobile underwater systems. Ad Hoc Networks, 34, 211–223. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adhoc.2014.10.010
Pepper, R. E., Jaffe, J. S., Variano, E., & Koehl, M. A. R. (2015). Zooplankton in flowing water near benthic communities encounter rapidly fluctuating velocity gradients and accelerations. Marine Biology, 162(10), 1939–1954. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-015-2713-x
Taniguchi, D. A. A., Gagnon, Y., Wheeler, B. R., Johnsen, S., & Jaffe, J. S. (2015). Cuttlefish Sepia officinalis preferentially respond to bottom rather than side stimuli when not allowed adjacent to tank walls. PLOS ONE, 10(10). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0138690
Jaffe, J. S. (2015). Underwater optical imaging: The past, the present, and the prospects. Ieee Journal of Oceanic Engineering, 40(3), 683–700. https://doi.org/10.1109/joe.2014.2350751
Briseño-Avena, C., Roberts, P. L. D., Franks, P. J. S., & Jaffe, J. S. (2015). ZOOPS-O2: A broadband echosounder with coordinated stereo optical imaging for observing plankton in situ. Methods in Oceanography, 12(Supplement C), 36–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mio.2015.07.001
Haag, J. M., Roberts, P. L. D., Papen, G. C., Jaffe, J. S., Li, L., & Stramski, D. (2014). Deep-sea low-light radiometer system. Optics Express, 22(24), 30074–30091. https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.22.030074
Berdalet, E., McManus, M. A., Ross, O. N., Burchard, H., Chavez, F. P., Jaffe, J. S., Jenkinson, I. R., Kudela, R., Lips, I., Lips, U., Lucas, A., Rivas, D., Ruiz-de la Torre, M. C., Ryan, J., Sullivan, J. M., & Yamazaki, H. (2014). Understanding harmful algae in stratified systems: Review of progress and future directions. Deep-Sea Research Part Ii-Topical Studies in Oceanography, 101, 4–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2013.09.042
Haag, J. M., Jaffe, J. S., & Sweeney, A. M. (2013). Measurement system for marine animal reflectance functions. Opt. Express, 21(3), 3603–3616. https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.21.003603
Roberts, P. L. D., Steinbuck, J. V., Jaffe, J. S., Horner-Devine, A. R., Franks, P. J. S., & Simonet, F. (2011). Estimation of in situ 3-D particle distributions from a stereo laser imaging profiler. Ieee Journal of Oceanic Engineering, 36(4), 586–601. https://doi.org/10.1109/joe.2011.2165923
Jaffe, J. S., & Roberts, P. L. D. (2011). Acoustic reflections on marine populations. Physics Today, 64(9), 76–77. https://doi.org/10.1063/PT.3.1260
Prairie, J. C., Franks, P. J. S., Jaffe, J. S., Doubell, M. J., & Yamazaki, H. (2011). Physical and biological controls of vertical gradients in phytoplankton. Limnology & Oceanography: Fluids & Environments, 1, 75–90. https://doi.org/10.1215/21573698-1267403
Jaffe, J. S., & Roberts, P. L. D. (2011). Estimating fish orientation from broadband, limited-angle, multiview, acoustic reflections. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 129(2), 670–680. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.3523430
Roberts, P. L. D., Jaffe, J. S., & Trivedi, M. M. (2011). Multiview, broadband acoustic classification of marine fish: a machine learning framework and comparative analysis. Ieee Journal of Oceanic Engineering, 36(1), 90–104. https://doi.org/10.1109/joe.2010.2101235
Prairie, J. C., Franks, P. J. S., & Jaffe, J. S. (2010). Cryptic peaks: Invisible vertical structure in fluorescent particles revealed using a planar laser imaging fluorometer. Limnology and Oceanography, 55(5), 1943–1958. https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2010.55.5.1943
Steinbuck, J. V., Roberts, P. L. D., Troy, C. D., Horner-Devine, A. R., Simonet, F., Uhlman, A. H., Jaffe, J. S., Monismith, S. G., & Franks, P. J. S. (2010). An autonomous open-ocean stereoscopic PIV profiler. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, 27(8), 1362–1380. https://doi.org/10.1175/2010jtecho694.1
Jaffe, J. S. (2010). Enhanced extended range underwater imaging via structured illumination. Optics Express, 18(12), 12328–12340.
Li, W., & Jaffe, J. S. (2010). Sizing homogeneous spherical particles from intensity-only angular scatter. Journal of the Optical Society of America A-Optics Image Science and Vision, 27(2), 151–158.
Karakoylu, E. M., Franks, P. J. S., Tanaka, Y., Roberts, P. L. D., & Jaffe, J. S. (2009). Copepod feeding quantified by planar laser imaging of gut fluorescence. Limnology and Oceanography-Methods, 7, 33–41. https://doi.org/10.4319/lom.2009.7.33
Roberts, P. L. D., & Jaffe, J. S. (2008). Classification of live, untethered zooplankton from observations of multiple-angle acoustic scatter. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 124(2), 796–802. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.2945114
Franks, P. J. S., & Jaffe, J. S. (2008). Microscale variability in the distributions of large fluorescent particles observed in situ with a planar laser imaging fluorometer. Journal of Marine Systems, 69(3–4), 254–270. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2006.03.027
Jaffe, J. S. (2008). Sensing plankton: acoustics and optical imaging. In M. Babin, C. S. Roesler, & J. J. Cullen (Eds.), Real-time coastal observing systems for marine ecosystem dynamics and harmful algal blooms : theory, instrumentation and modelling (pp. 385–412). UNESCO.
Jaffe, J. S. (2007). A tomographic approach to inverse Mie particle characterization from scattered light. Optics Express, 15(19), 12217–12229. https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.15.012217
Roberts, P. L. D., & Jaffe, J. S. (2007). Multiple angle acoustic classification of zooplankton. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 121(4), 2060–2070. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.2697471
Jaffe, J. S., Simonet, F., Roberts, P. L. D., & Bowles, A. E. (2007). Measurement of the acoustic reflectivity of sirenia (Florida manatees) at 171 kHz. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 121(1), 158–165. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.2384845